A systematic literature review of cysteamine bitartrate in the treatment of nephropathic cystinosis.

Objectives: To summarize available clinical evidence for cysteamine bitartrate preparations in the treatment of nephropathic cystinosis as identified through a systematic literature review (SLR).

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process and Embase using Ovid with a predefined search strategy through 19 January 2016. All publicly available clinical reports on the use of delayed-release (DR) cysteamine bitartrate (Procysbi ) or immediate-release (IR) cysteamine bitartrate (Cystagon ) in patients with cystinosis were included.

Short- and long-term health consequences of sleep disruption.

Sleep plays a vital role in brain function and systemic physiology across many body systems. Problems with sleep are widely prevalent and include deficits in quantity and quality of sleep; sleep problems that impact the continuity of sleep are collectively referred to as sleep disruptions. Numerous factors contribute to sleep disruption, ranging from lifestyle and environmental factors to sleep disorders and other medical conditions.

Do payers value rarity? An analysis of the relationship between disease rarity and orphan drug prices in Europe.

: Orphan drugs have been a highlight of discussions due to their higher prices than non-orphan drugs. There is currently no European consensus on the method of value assessment for orphan drugs. This study assessed the relationship between the prevalence of rare diseases and the annual treatment cost of orphan drugs in France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and UK.

A comparative study of orphan drug prices in Europe.

: This study assessed price differences by comparing annual treatment costs of similarly available orphan drugs in France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and UK. : Annual treatment costs per drug were calculated using ex-factory prices from IHS POLI and country price databases. The treatment cost in the comparator country was compared to the UK and ratios were analysed.

Systematic review of models used in economic analyses in moderate-to-severe asthma and COPD.

Background: Respiratory diseases exert a substantial burden on society, with newer drugs increasingly adding to the burden. Economic models are often used, but seldom reviewed.

Purpose: To summarize economic models used in economic analyses of drugs treating moderate-to-severe/very severe asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Patient preferences in severe COPD and asthma: a comprehensive literature review.

Background: Management of chronic incurable diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma is difficult. Incorporation of patient preferences is widely encouraged.

Purpose: To summarize original research articles determining patient preference in moderate-to-severe disease.

Utilities for asthma and COPD according to category of severity: a comprehensive literature review.

Background: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are incurable diseases that impact quality-of-life.

Objective: To summarize original research articles that measured or utilized preference-based utilities or disutilities according to disease severity.

Methods: Medline and Embase were searched from inception until the end of November 2014.

Pharmacoeconomics of depot antipsychotics for treating chronic schizophrenia in Sweden.

Aims: To determine the cost-effectiveness of long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics for chronic schizophrenia in Sweden.

Methods: A 1-year decision tree was developed for Sweden using published data and expert opinion. Five treatment strategies lasting 1 year were compared: paliperidone palmitate (PP-LAI), olanzapine pamoate (OLZ-LAI), risperidone (RIS-LAI), haloperidol decanoate (HAL-LAI) and olanzapine tablets (oral-OLZ).

Definitions and drivers of relapse in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic literature review.

Relapse in patients with schizophrenia has devastating repercussions, including worsening symptoms, impaired functioning, cognitive deterioration and reduced quality of life. This progressive decline exacerbates the burden of illness on patients and their families. Relapse prevention is identified as a key therapeutic aim; however, the absence of widely accepted relapse definition criteria considerably hampers achieving this goal.

Validation of an economic model of paliperidone palmitate for chronic schizophrenia.

Objective: Model validation is important, but seldom applied in chronic schizophrenia. Validation consists of verifying the model itself for face validity (i.e.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of atypical long-acting antipsychotics for treating chronic schizophrenia in Finland.

Objective: In Finland, regional rates of schizophrenia exceed those in most countries, impacting the healthcare burden. This study determined the cost-effectiveness of long-acting antipsychotic (LAI) drugs paliperidone palmitate (PP-LAI), olanzapine pamoate (OLZ-LAI), and risperidone (RIS-LAI) for chronic schizophrenia.

Method: This study adapted a decision tree analysis from Norway for the Finnish National Health Service.

Economic and clinical comparison of atypical depot antipsychotic drugs for treatment of chronic schizophrenia in the Czech Republic.

Purpose: The Czech Republic is faced with making choices between pharmaceutical products, including depot injectable antipsychotics. A pharmacoeconomic analysis was conducted to determine the cost-effectiveness of atypical depots.

Methods: An existing 1-year decision-analytic framework was adapted to model drug use in this healthcare system.

Pharmacoeconomic analysis of paliperidone palmitate versus olanzapine pamoate for chronic schizophrenia in Norway.

Objective: Paliperidone palmitate long-acting injection (PP-LAI) has recently been approved for treatment of chronic schizophrenia. Its cost-effectiveness has not been established. The objective was to compare direct costs and outcomes between PP-LAI and olanzapine pamoate (OLZ-LAI) in treating chronic schizophrenia in Norway from the perspective of the government payer.

Cost-Utility Analysis of Depot Atypical Antipsychotics for Chronic Schizophrenia in Croatia.

Objectives: As a nation with a developing economy, Croatia is faced with making choices between pharmaceutical products, including depot injectable antipsychotics. We conducted a pharmacoeconomic analysis to determine the cost-effectiveness of atypical depots in Croatia.

Methods: A 1-year decision-analytic framework modeled drug use.

An analysis of potentially prolactin-related adverse events and abnormal prolactin values in randomized clinical trials with paliperidone palmitate.

Background: Paliperidone palmitate has been associated with serum prolactin elevations in some patients. However, few individuals with elevated prolactin levels (hyperprolactinemia) have symptomatic potentially prolactin-related adverse events (PPR-AEs).

Objective: To quantify rates of hyperprolactinemia in subjects treated with the newly marketed paliperidone palmitate long-acting injection (PP-LAI) in randomized clinical trials, summarize rates of PPR-AEs in those trials by sex and dose, and determine how many PPR-AEs required treatment.

Pharmacoeconomic analysis of paliperidone palmitate for treating schizophrenia in Greece.

Background: Patients having chronic schizophrenia with frequent relapses and hospitalizations represent a great challenge, both clinically and financially. Risperidone long-acting injection (RIS-LAI) has been the main LAI atypical antipsychotic treatment in Greece. Paliperidone palmitate (PP-LAI) has recently been approved.

Relationship between blood glucose and carotid intima media thickness: A meta-analysis.

Background: Increased coronary intima media thickness (CIMT) has been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, as have increased glucose levels. The link has not been established between glucose and CIMT; therefore, we sought to assess the relationship between glucose and CIMT.

Methods: Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception through 2009 for original research reporting both postprandial glucose levels and CIMT measurements.

Advanced cutaneous malignant melanoma: a systematic review of economic and quality-of-life studies.

Objective: Metastatic melanoma (MM), a major concern for health-care providers, is increasing. We systematically reviewed published articles describing the impact of interventions (drugs and screening) on quality of life (QoL) in patients with MM, and articles that measured QoL in MM.

Methods: We searched secondary databases including MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, and DARE from inception to 2006 using MESH terms "melanoma" and "metastases.

Treatments for metastatic melanoma: synthesis of evidence from randomized trials.

Background: Advanced melanomas (non-resectable Stage-III/IV) are fatal, with few effective treatments. It remains unclear if other drugs offer improvements over the standard, dacarbazine.

Purpose: We quantified objective response rates (Complete+Partial response) of dacarbazine versus comparators for advanced cutaneous melanoma.

A Danish cost-effectiveness model of escitalopram in comparison with citalopram and venlafaxine as first-line treatments for major depressive disorder in primary care.

The objective of this study was to model the cost-effectiveness of escitalopram in comparison with generic citalopram and venlafaxine in primary care treatment of major depressive disorder (baseline scores 22-40 on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, MADRS) in Denmark. A three-path decision analytic model with a 6-month horizon was used. All patients started at the primary care path and were referred to outpatient or inpatient secondary care in the case of insufficient response to treatment.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of escitalopram compared with paroxetine in treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in the United Kingdom.

Background: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is associated with substantial economic burden.

Objective: To assess, from a societal perspective, the cost-effectiveness of escitalopram and paroxetine in the treatment of GAD in the UK.

Method: A decision analytic model with a 9 month time horizon was adapted to the UK setting.

A pharmacoeconomic evaluation of escitalopram versus citalopram in the treatment of severe depression in the United Kingdom.

Background: Severe depression can increase the risk of psychiatric hospitalization, as well as inpatient and outpatient care; it may also lead to long-term absenteeism from work. However, the cost-effectiveness of antidepressant therapy for severe depression has been little studied.

Objective: The aim of this work was to investigate the cost-effectiveness of escitalopram compared with citalopram in patients with severe depression (Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS] total score > or = 30) in the United Kingdom.

A probabilistic cost-effectiveness analysis of escitalopram, generic citalopram and venlafaxine as a first-line treatment of major depressive disorder in the UK.

Objectives: To determine if escitalopram is cost-effective in the UK when compared with venlafaxine and generic citalopram in primary care treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).

Methods: A pre-existing cost-effectiveness model was adapted to reflect the practice in the UK. Adult patients (> 18 years) with MDD [baseline scores >/= 18 and View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Antidepressant use during pregnancy and the rates of spontaneous abortions: a meta-analysis.

Background: Due to the high prevalence of depression in women of childbearing age and coupled with the fact that approximately 50% of the pregnancies are unplanned, there is a high chance that these women have been exposed to antidepressants in early pregnancy.

Objective: To determine baseline rates of spontaneous abortions (SAs) and whether antidepressants increase those rates.

Methods: Rates of SAs in women taking antidepressants compared with non-depressed women were combined into a relative risk using a random effects model.