Association of household smoking status in childhood with young adults' educational attainment and smoking status: Results from a series of population-based cross-sectional surveys in Japan.

Smoking in young adulthood is a risk factor for future health-related disabilities and a cause of expanding health inequalities. Education and smoking are inversely associated. Using population-based representative data, this study aimed to clarify how the presence of household smokers during childhood related to both current smoking status and educational attainment among young adults.