Role of Momentary Alcohol Cognitions in Event-Level Relations Between PTSD Symptoms and Alcohol Outcomes: Le rôle des cognitions momentanées liées à l'alcool au niveau de l'événement entre les symptômes du TSPT et la consommation d'alcool.

Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) commonly co-occur. Momentary alcohol cognitions may represent in-the-moment, modifiable risk factors to target in interventions for comorbid PTSD and AUD. However, the role of such cognitions in risk for problematic drinking as it emerges in response to individuals' fluctuating PTSD symptoms across their daily lives remains unknown.

Self-Protection in the Social Context: A Daily-Level Examination of Young Adult Women's Perceived Need for and Engagement in Sexual Assault Protective Behavioral Strategies.

Objective: Young adult women naturalistically engage in sexual assault protective behavioral strategies (SA-PBS) in an effort to reduce their risk of sexual assault. Despite well-documented sociocontextual risks for sexual assault, it remains largely unknown whether and how social contexts influence SA-PBS use. The present study characterized relations of women's alcohol use and interpersonal contexts with SA-PBS engagement across social events, framed according to Routine Activity Theory.

What Is the Role of Affective Cognition in Trauma and Posttraumatic-Stress-Disorder-Related Drinking? A Systematic Review.

Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (TR/PTSD) are implicated in deleterious alcohol outcomes, yet the processes that undergird these associations remain elusive. Affective (i.e.

Psychometric validation of the Positive Drinking Consequences Questionnaire in adolescents.

Background: The Positive Drinking Consequences Questionnaire (PDCQ) was developed to measure positive consequences of alcohol use endorsed by college drinkers. Efforts to assess positive drinking consequences experienced by adolescents have been much more limited. The aim of the present study was to advance the psychometric testing and evaluation of the factor structure of the PDCQ in adolescents.

Social influences on alcohol outcome expectancy development from childhood to young adulthood: A narrative review.

Purpose Of Review: Alcohol outcome expectancies emerge in early childhood, develop throughout adolescence, and predict alcohol outcomes well into adulthood. Social factors shape how expectancies are learned in myriad ways, yet such social learning influences seldom are examined in the context of developmental factors. This review summarized literature on the social origins of alcohol expectancies through vicarious (observational) and experiential (direct) alcohol-related learning from childhood to young adulthood within a social learning framework.

Self-Compassion and Self-Forgiveness in Alcohol Risk, Treatment and Recovery: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Self-compassion and self-forgiveness are two self-focused, positive coping approaches that may reduce risk of problem drinking and/or aid in treatment/recovery from alcohol use disorder. The present systematic review aimed to evaluate support for the unique and complementary roles of self-compassion and self-forgiveness in alcohol outcomes.

Methods: A systematic literature search yielded 18 studies examining self-compassion, 18 studies examining self-forgiveness and 1 study examining both constructs in alcohol outcomes.

Parent Alcohol Use and Problems in Children's Alcohol-Related Learning and Subsequent Alcohol Use.

: Alcohol cognitions can emerge early in life and have lasting associations with alcohol use behavior. Observational learning theories suggest that witnessing alcohol use and its consequences may be an important mechanism underlying early development of alcohol cognitions. Parents are among the earliest contributors to children's alcohol-related learning, although findings regarding the association of parental alcohol use and problems with children's alcohol-related beliefs and attitudes are considerably mixed.

Alcohol use in multiracial American youth compared with monoracial youth: A meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Although multiracial people comprise the fastest growing population in the United States, multiracial youth are nearly invisible in alcohol research. This meta-analysis synthesized the youth alcohol literature to estimate the magnitude of difference in alcohol use as a function of multiracial status.

Design And Measurements: Empirical studies reporting multiracial and monoracial comparisons in youth (aged 10-24 years) alcohol use were identified through a systematic literature search.

Associations Between Latent Classes of Trauma Exposure and Minority Stressors and Substance Use Among Cisgender Sexual Minority Women.

Psychosocial stressors (e.g., minority stressors, trauma exposure) profoundly impact sexual minority women's (SMW's) risk of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use.

Effects of varenicline and bupropion on laboratory smoking outcomes: Meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled human laboratory studies.

Human laboratory studies are widely used to evaluate behavioural mechanisms of pharmacotherapy effects. Results from human laboratory studies examining smoking cessation pharmacotherapies have not been examined in aggregate. The current meta-analysis aimed to synthesize data from randomized, placebo-controlled human laboratory studies on the effects of non-nicotine pharmacotherapies on outcomes relevant for smoking cessation.

Alcohol and Cannabis Use Milestones in Diverse Urban Adolescents: Associations with Demographics, Parental Rule Setting, Sibling and Peer Deviancy, and Outcome Expectancies.

Alcohol and cannabis use progression milestones in adolescence (such as ages at first use, first intoxication and at onset of regular use) may inform the development of alcohol and cannabis use disorders. Although parent, sibling, and peer behavior and alcohol-related cognitions have been shown to be associated with alcohol milestone attainment, findings have been mixed; further, those factors' associations with cannabis use milestones are unknown. This study examined whether progression through such milestones differed as a function of perceived peer/sibling deviancy, parental rule-setting, and substance use outcome expectancies in a racially diverse adolescent sample.

Cannabis use for sleep aid among high school students: Concurrent and prospective associations with substance use and sleep problems.

Introduction: Adolescents are at risk for both sleep problems and cannabis use. Despite emerging evidence for college students' self-medication with cannabis to help sleep, generalizability to earlier developmental stages remains unknown. This study remedied this literature gap by characterizing high school students' cannabis sleep aid use in terms of psychosocial correlates and prospective associations with substance use and sleep.

Racial/ethnic discrimination, ADH1B*3, and coping-motivated drinking among Black college students.

Background And Objectives: Discrimination due to race and/or ethnicity can be a pervasive stressor for Black college students in the United States beyond general negative life events and has demonstrated associations with adverse health and alcohol outcomes. Genetics may confer individual differences in the risk of drinking to cope with discrimination-related stress. This study tested whether associations of racial/ethnic discrimination with coping drinking motives and alcohol use differ as a function of a well-documented variant in the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene (ADH1B*3).

Prospective Associations of Discrimination, Race, and Sexual Orientation with Substance Use in Adolescents.

Adolescents are at high risk for alcohol and cannabis use. Emerging evidence suggests that discrimination exposure is prospectively associated with risk for alcohol use among adolescents of marginalized race, sexual orientation, or gender identity. However, it is unknown whether prospective discrimination-substance use associations among marginalized adolescents are also present for cannabis use.

Coping-motivated escalations in adolescent alcohol problems following early adversity.

Objective: The present study examined whether early stressful events precipitate drinking risks across adolescence and whether coping-motivated drinking mediates such relations.

Method: Families comprised 387 adolescents (55% female, 83% White) recruited for a longitudinal study. Caregivers reported on adolescents' experience of potentially stressful events, including conflict (i.

Characterizing the role of early alcohol reexposure in associations of prenatal alcohol exposure with adolescent alcohol outcomes.

Background: Prenatal alcohol exposure has been linked to a host of negative outcomes, although it is largely unknown whether prenatal exposure leads to an earlier age of initiation of alcohol use or exacerbates early alcohol initiation. The current study examined whether adolescents exposed to heavy drinking during gestation began drinking earlier than their nonexposed peers and whether an earlier age of alcohol reexposure in adolescence exacerbated associations with adverse alcohol outcomes.

Methods: Adolescents (17 years of age; 57% female; 96% White) from a longitudinal, population-based cohort study, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, reported on the age they first consumed a whole drink and other alcohol behaviors.

Effects of Polygenic Risk and Perceived Friends' Drinking and Disruptive Behavior on Development of Alcohol Use Across Adolescence.

Objective: Developmental theory posits interacting individual and contextual factors that contribute to alcohol use across adolescence. Despite the well-documented salience of peer environmental influences on adolescent drinking, it is not known whether peer environments moderate polygenic risks for trajectories of alcohol use. The current theoretically based investigation aimed to test developmental gene-environment interaction (G×E) effects across adolescence.

Drinking Motives as Moderators of In-the-Moment Drinking Risks in Response to Trauma-Related Distress.

Background: Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology are linked to increased risk for problematic drinking, yet the factors that increase such risk remain largely unknown. Theoretical models suggest that affectively oriented drinking motives may be central to trauma-related drinking. Specifically, individual-level motivations to drink to regulate affect may be important for moderating drinking urges that occur acutely in response to trauma cues.

Interaction Between the 5-Hydroxytryptamine Transporter-Linked Polymorphic Region (5-HTTLPR) and Negative Life Events in Adolescent Heavy Drinking.

Objective: This study investigates whether the reciprocal associations between negative life events and drinking over time differ as a function of 5-HTTLPR (5-hydroxytryptamine [serotonin] transporter-linked polymorphic region) genotype (i.e., candidate gene and environment interaction and correlation) using large and population-based prospective data from adolescents.

Characterizing the role of impaired control over alcohol in associations of impulsive personality traits with alcohol use as a function of depressive disorder.

Impulsive personality traits have well-documented associations with at-risk drinking, although the role of impaired control over alcohol in these associations requires further study. Additionally, it remains unknown whether such relationships differ in the context of concurrent depressive disorder, which is a priority due to the high rates of mood dysregulation particularly in clinical samples. This project examined associations of impulsivity, impaired control over alcohol, and alcohol use within 201 adult general outpatients recruited from specialty mental health and addictions clinics at a psychiatric hospital.

Sleep Problems and Drinking Frequency among Urban Multiracial and Monoracial Adolescents: Role of Discrimination Experiences and Negative Mood.

Mounting evidence suggests that multiracial adolescents may be at greater risk than their monoracial peers for both sleep problems and alcohol use. However, mechanisms underlying these uniquely-heightened risky health behaviors among multiracial adolescents remain a gap in the literature. This cross-sectional study examined a risk pathway involving discrimination experiences and negative mood underlying racial disparities in concurrent sleep problems and drinking frequency.

Prescription Stimulant Misuse and Risk Correlates among Racially-Diverse Urban Adolescents.

Background: Most research on prescription stimulant misuse has focused on college students, and research on high school-aged adolescents is limited.

Objectives: This study aimed to characterize risk correlates of prescription stimulant misuse among a racially-diverse and socioeconomically-disadvantaged sample of urban adolescents.

Method: Cross-sectional data were drawn from an ongoing study of adolescent health behaviors, .

OPRM1 Moderates Daily Associations of Naltrexone Adherence With Alcohol Consumption: Preliminary Evidence From a Mobile Health Trial.

Background: Initial evidence that OPRM1 genotype moderates the clinical response to naltrexone has not been replicated in prospective clinical trials. However, the use of traditional statistical analyses and clinical endpoints might limit sensitivity for studying pharmacogenetic associations, whereas the use of intensive daily assessments and person-centered analytic methods might increase sensitivity. This study leveraged person-centered analyses and daily measures of alcohol use, craving, and medication adherence to investigate OPRM1 as a moderator of changes in clinical outcomes during naltrexone treatment.

Meta-Analysis on Associations of Alcohol Metabolism Genes With Alcohol Use Disorder in East Asians.

Aims: The current meta-analysis tested independent and composite associations of three commonly studied alcohol metabolism alleles with alcohol use disorder (AUD) within East Asians as well as characterized potential moderating factors in these associations.

Methods: For meta-analysis, 32 articles were selected that investigated ALDH2 (n = 17,755), ADH1B (n = 13,591) and ADH1C (n = 4,093) associations with AUD in East Asians.

Results And Conclusions: All three variants were associated with AUD across allelic and genotypic models: ALDH2, ORs = 0.

Sleep-related functional impairment as a moderator of risky drinking and subsequent negative drinking consequences in college students.

Objective: Poor sleep quality and insufficient total sleep time have been shown to modify the relationship between college drinking and negative drinking consequences. This study aimed to examine whether prospective associations between risky drinking and negative drinking consequences similarly differ by sleep-related functional impairment, which is novel to the literature.

Method: Data were obtained from a 2-month prospective study of 157 college drinkers (mean age = 19 years [SD = 1.