Colonoscopy Trainers Experience Greater Stress During Insertion than Withdrawal: Implications for Endoscopic Curricula.

Background: Optimal colonoscopy training curricula should minimize stress and cognitive load. This study aimed to determine whether withdrawal or insertion colonoscopy skills training is associated with less stress or cognitive load for trainees or trainers.

Methods: In Phase I, participants were randomized to train on either insertion or withdrawal in a simulated environment.

Lack of benefit of active preparation compared with a clear fluid-only diet in small-bowel visualization for video capsule endoscopy: results of a randomized, blinded, controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Controversy remains regarding the type and amount of precapsule bowel cleansing required for small-bowel video capsule endoscopy (VCE). This study aims to assess the efficacy and tolerance of 2 active preparations and a control group of clear fluids only.

Methods: Patients with clinical indications for VCE were randomized to (1) clear fluids only the evening before VCE, (2) 2 sachets of sodium picosulfate plus magnesium sulfate (P/MC) the evening before, or (3) 2 L of polyethylene glycol (PEG) the evening before.

Novel role of the serine protease inhibitor elafin in gluten-related disorders.

Objectives: Elafin, an endogenous serine protease inhibitor, modulates colonic inflammation. We investigated the role of elafin in celiac disease (CD) using human small intestinal tissues and in vitro assays of gliadin deamidation. We also investigated the potential beneficial effects of elafin in a mouse model of gluten sensitivity.

Increased bacterial translocation in gluten-sensitive mice is independent of small intestinal paracellular permeability defect.

Aim: We investigated whether treatment with gliadin induces a paracellular permeability defect that enhances bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) via resident dendritic cells (DC) expressing TLR-2 or 4 in HCD4/HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice.

Methods: HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice were sensitized and subsequently gavaged with gliadin, in the presence or absence of AT1001 (paracellular permeability inhibitor). Non-sensitized mice were gavaged with indomethacin (permeability inducer) or rice cereal.