Effects of childhood obstructive sleep apnea with and without daytime sleepiness on behaviors and emotions.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with and without excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and behavioral and emotional outcomes in non-obese prepubertal children.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of children aged 5-11 years who presented to our unit for assessment of their sleep-related complaints. All children underwent polysomnography (PSG).

Rare but life-threatening cause of massive haemoptysis in an adolscent with tuberculosis: Rasmussen's aneurysm.

Rasmussen's aneurysm is a rare yet fatal cause of massive haemoptysis in pulmonary tuberculosis. Early identification and timely intervention are of utmost importance to reduce the associated mortality. A girl in early adolescence presented with persistent fever and massive haemoptysis who required intubation and was subsequently confirmed to have tuberculosis.

Clinical Characteristics and Transmission of COVID-19 in Children and Youths During 3 Waves of Outbreaks in Hong Kong.

Importance: Schools were closed intermittently across Hong Kong to control the COVID-19 outbreak, which led to significant physical and psychosocial problems among children and youths.

Objective: To compare the clinical characteristics and sources of infection among children and youths with COVID-19 during the 3 waves of outbreaks in Hong Kong in 2020.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study involved children and youths aged 18 years or younger with COVID-19 in the 3 waves of outbreaks from January 23 through December 2, 2020.