Risk factors for calcium carbonate urolithiasis in goats.

Objective: To identify demographic or signalment factors associated with calcium carbonate urolith formation in goats.

Design: Retrospective case series and case-control study.

Animals: 354 goats with calcium carbonate uroliths (case animals) and 16,366 goats without urinary tract disease (control animals).

Canine uroliths: frequently asked questions and their answers.

This article is devoted to answering frequently asked questions from veterinarians, veterinary technicians, and pet owners about urolithiasis and the detection, treatment, and prevention of various types of uroliths from various locations in the urinary tract. It has been divided into the following topics: urolith analysis, urolith types, diagnosis, treatment and prevention, urolith recurrence, urinalysis, diet, water, and miscellaneous. The information is geared toward both professionals (eg, the chemical analysis of uroliths) and pet owners (eg, the practical considerations of diet).