Entanglement in ground and excited states of gapped free-fermion systems and their relationship with Fermi surface and thermodynamic equilibrium properties.

We study bipartite entanglement entropies in the ground and excited states of free-fermion models, where a staggered potential, μs, induces a gap in the spectrum. Ground-state entanglement entropies satisfy the "area law", and the "area-law" coefficient is found to diverge as a logarithm of the staggered potential, when the system has an extended Fermi surface at μs=0. On the square lattice, we show that the coefficient of the logarithmic divergence depends on the Fermi surface geometry and its orientation with respect to the real-space interface between subsystems and is related to the Widom conjecture as enunciated by Gioev and Klich [ Phys.

Cardiac ischemia in patients with septic shock randomized to vasopressin or norepinephrine.

Introduction: Cardiac troponins are sensitive and specific biomarkers of myocardial necrosis. We evaluated troponin, CK, and ECG abnormalities in patients with septic shock and compared the effect of vasopressin (VP) versus norepinephrine (NE) on troponin, CK, and ECGs.

Methods: This was a prospective substudy of a randomized trial.

Agreement in electrocardiogram interpretation in patients with septic shock.

Objective: The reliability of electrocardiogram interpretation to diagnose myocardial ischemia in critically ill patients is unclear. In adults with septic shock, we assessed intra- and inter-rater agreement of electrocardiogram interpretation, and the effect of knowledge of troponin values on these interpretations.

Design: Prospective substudy of a randomized trial of vasopressin vs.

How the circumcision solution in Africa will increase HIV infections.

The World Health Organization and UNAIDS have supported circumcision as a preventive for HIV infections in regions with high rates of heterosexually transmitted HIV; however, the has several fundamental flaws that undermine its potential for success. This article explores, in detail, the data on which this recommendation is based, the difficulty in translating results from high risk adults in a research setting to the general public, the impact of risk compensation, and how circumcision compares to existing alternatives. Based on our analysis it is concluded that the is a wasteful distraction that takes resources away from more effective, less expensive, less invasive alternatives.

Reinfection with hepatitis C virus following sustained virological response in injection drug users.

Background And Aim: Despite that 60-90% of injection drug users (IDUs) are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, IDUs are often denied therapy based on concerns of reinfection following treatment. However, there are little data in this regard. We evaluated HCV re-infection following sustained virologic response (SVR) among HCV-infected IDUs having received HCV treatment in a multidisciplinary program.

Optimizing assessment and treatment for hepatitis C virus infection in illicit drug users: a novel model incorporating multidisciplinary care and peer support.

Objectives: We evaluated assessment and treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) among illicit drug users accepting referral to a weekly HCV peer-support group at a multidisciplinary community health centre.

Methods: From March 2005 to 2008, HCV-infected individuals were referred to a weekly peer-support group and assessed for HCV infection. A retrospective chart review of outcomes 3 years after the initiation of the group was conducted (including HCV assessment and treatment).

Gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in infants in a rural population: longitudinal data over the first six months.

Background: Increasing numbers of infants are receiving prescription medications for symptoms associated with gastroesophageal reflux. Our aim was to prospectively measure reported gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in healthy term infants for the first six months of life.

Methods: In a prospective cohort study in the rural Upper Peninsula of Michigan, 128 consecutive maternal-infant pairs were followed for six months and administered the Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire Revised (I-GERQ-R) at the one-month, two-month, four-month, and six-month well-child visits.

The effects of vasopressin on acute kidney injury in septic shock.

Objective: To compare the effects of vasopressin versus norepinephrine infusion on the outcome of kidney injury in septic shock.

Design And Setting: Post-hoc analysis of the multi-center double-blind randomized controlled trial of vasopressin versus norepinephrine in adult patients who had septic shock (VASST).

Patients And Intervention: Seven hundred seventy-eight patients were randomized to receive a blinded infusion of either low-dose vasopressin (0.

Interaction of vasopressin infusion, corticosteroid treatment, and mortality of septic shock.

Objective: Vasopressin and corticosteroids are often added to support cardiovascular dysfunction in patients who have septic shock that is nonresponsive to fluid resuscitation and norepinephrine infusion. However, it is unknown whether vasopressin treatment interacts with corticosteroid treatment.

Design: Post hoc substudy of a multicenter randomized blinded controlled trial of vasopressin vs.

Blood glucose determinations in large for gestational age infants.

Our purpose was to identify factors that may contribute to hypoglycemia in large for gestational age (LGA) infants and subsets of infants for whom blood glucose screening would be clinically helpful. LGA infants of 36 to 42 weeks of gestational age using the Denver criteria were identified from the 1999 through 2001 birth log at Marquette General Hospital, Marquette, Michigan, a rural referral hospital, for a retrospective chart review. Infants of mothers with diabetes were excluded.

Vasopressin versus norepinephrine infusion in patients with septic shock.

Background: Vasopressin is commonly used as an adjunct to catecholamines to support blood pressure in refractory septic shock, but its effect on mortality is unknown. We hypothesized that low-dose vasopressin as compared with norepinephrine would decrease mortality among patients with septic shock who were being treated with conventional (catecholamine) vasopressors.

Methods: In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial, we assigned patients who had septic shock and were receiving a minimum of 5 microg of norepinephrine per minute to receive either low-dose vasopressin (0.

Hypoglycemia in infants of diabetic mothers: experience in a rural hospital.

The purpose of this study was to identify which factors contribute to neonatal hypoglycemia in infants of diabetic mothers. A chart review of infants of diabetic mothers was undertaken noting the timing of blood glucose levels, symptoms of hypoglycemia, and interventions provided. The impact of maternal and gestational factors was assessed using marginal mixed models and Poisson regression.

Birthweight by gestational age and sex at a rural referral center.

Objective: Determine the distribution of birthweights in singleton births by gestational age and gender at Marquette General Hospital, a rural referral center in Michigan's upper peninsula.

Study Design: Birth log data were examined for prenatal factors and obstetrical outcomes. The birthweight distribution was compared to published values, and a linear regression model of prenatal factors was developed.