Joint response from Latin American, European Obstetric Violence Observatories and others organizations all over Europe to the Joint Position Statement on Substandard and Disrespectful Care in Labour - Because Words Matter.

The issue of obstetric violence is internationally acknowledged as a serious violation of human rights. First identified by the Committee of Experts of the Inter-American Belém do Pará Convention in 2012, it is recognized as a form of gender-based violence that infringes upon women's rights during childbirth. Nations such as Argentina, Mexico, Venezuela, and certain regions in Spain have implemented laws against it, highlighting its severity and the need for protective legislation.

Latin American Youths' Migration Journeys and Settlement in the Tarapacá Region in Chile: Implications for Sexual and Reproductive Health.

The sexual and reproductive health of young migrants has not been sufficiently addressed in mobility studies. In this article, we dwell on some aspects of this issue in the migration process of Latin American youth. We conducted a qualitative study in the region of Tarapacá, Chile, carrying out in-depth interviews with key informants, health staff and young migrants between 18 and 25 years old.

Strengths and challenges of a school-based sexual and reproductive health program for adolescents in Chile.

Background: Adolescent sexual and reproductive health services in Chile have been primarily provided through health centers. Although some school-based initiatives have been implemented, to date, these have not been assessed. This study aims to identify strengths and challenges of the affectivity and sexuality component of the school-based 3A Program, a health program which seeks to prevent risk behaviors and promote healthy lifestyle habits within public schools (addressing health topics which in Spanish begin with the letter 'A', hence '3A'), implemented in the municipality of Lo Prado, city of Santiago.

The impact of COVID-19 on the provision of respectful maternity care: Findings from a global survey of health workers.

Background: Significant adjustments to maternity care in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the direct impacts of COVID-19 can compromise the quality of maternal and newborn care.

Aim: To explore how the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected frontline health workers' ability to provide respectful maternity care globally.

Methods: We conducted a global online survey of health workers to assess the provision of maternal and newborn healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Protecting Women's and Newborns' Rights in a Public Maternity Unit During the COVID-19 Outbreak: The Case of Hospital in Santiago, Chile.

The Maternity in Dra. Eloísa Díaz' hospital, located in the municipality of La Florida and city of Santiago, Chile, opened its doors in 2014, and has integrated a humanistic model of care called the "Safe Model of Personalized Childbirth" since 2016. With around 3,000 births per year, it has been recognized as an example of excellence in maternity care in the country.

A Survey of University Students' Preferences for Midwifery Care and Community Birth Options in 8 High-Income Countries.

Introduction: Midwifery care is associated with positive birth outcomes, access to community birth options, and judicious use of interventions. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare maternity care preferences of university students across a range of maternity care systems and to explore whether preferences align with evidence-based recommendations and options available.

Methods: A cross-sectional, web-based survey was completed in 2014 and 2015 by a convenience sample of university students in 8 high-income countries across 4 continents (N = 4569).

[Sexual and reproductive health in young men in Chile: results of a qualitative studySaúde sexual e reprodutiva de jovens do sexo masculino no Chile: resultados de um estudo qualitativo].

Objective: To describe, based on the perceptions of adolescents and health service staff, the ways in which adolescent boys interact with sexual and reproductive health services, the changes perceived in this area over time, and the strategy ('Friendly Spaces' for adolescent health) to reach out to boys.

Methods: An ethnographic, qualitative study was conducted in Friendly Spaces for adolescent and young adult health in five municipalities belonging to Chile's Metropolitan Region. The research methods used were semi-structured interviews ( = 38), discussion groups ( = 5), and participant observation.

Preference for caesarean attitudes toward birth in a Chilean sample of young adults.

Background: Little empirical research exists about what motivates birth mode preferences, and even less about this topic in Latin America, where obstetric interventions and caesareans are some of the highest worldwide.

Aim: To identify factors associated with caesarean preference among Chilean men and women who plan to have children and to inform childbirth education and informed consent procedures.

Methods: An online cross-sectional survey measuring attitudes toward birth was administered to graduate students at a large public university in Chile.

Intersectoral strategies between health and education for preventing adolescent pregnancy in Chile: Findings from a qualitative study.

Background: In Chile, despite its steady decrease overall, adolescent pregnancy is concentrated in the most vulnerable population. Efforts in intersectoral collaboration between health and education to address the problem are being developed, but they have not been assessed.

Objective: To describe intersectoral strategies between health and education to address adolescent sexual and reproductive health, prevent adolescent pregnancy, and to explore adolescents' and health professionals' perceptions regarding those strategies.

[Sexual and reproductive health of adolescents in Chile: the role of sexual education].

Objective: To explore the perceptions of adolescents regarding sex education in the Metropolitan Region of Chile, and the role of the health and education sectors in this matter.

Methods: Qualitative ethnographic study, whose fieldwork was carried out in five municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Chile. In each municipality a Friendly Space for adolescent healthcare was studied.

A cross-country survey of attitudes toward childbirth technologies and interventions among university students.

Problem & Aim: Cultural beliefs that equate birth technology with progress, safety and convenience contribute to widespread acceptance of childbirth technology and interventions. Little is known about attitudes towards childbirth technology and interventions among the next generation of maternity care users and whether attitudes vary by country, age, gender, childbirth fear, and other factors.

Methods: Data were collected via online survey in eight countries.

Moving beyond disrespect and abuse: addressing the structural dimensions of obstetric violence.

During recent decades, a growing and preoccupying excess of medical interventions during childbirth, even in physiological and uncomplicated births, together with a concerning spread of abusive and disrespectful practices towards women during childbirth across the world, have been reported. Despite research and policy-making to address these problems, changing childbirth practices has proved to be difficult. We argue that the excessive rates of medical interventions and disrespect towards women during childbirth should be analysed as a consequence of structural violence, and that the concept of obstetric violence, as it is being used in Latin American childbirth activism and legal documents, might prove to be a useful tool for addressing structural violence in maternity care such as high intervention rates, non-consented care, disrespect and other abusive practices.

Randomized, controlled trial of Behavioral Family Systems Therapy for Diabetes: maintenance and generalization of effects on parent-adolescent communication.

We report a randomized trial of a revised Behavioral Family Systems Therapy for Diabetes (BFST-D) intervention. Families of 104 adolescents with diabetes were randomized to standard care (SC) or to 6 months of an educational support group (ES) or BFST-D. Family communication and problem-solving skills were assessed at 0, 6, 12, and 18 months by independent rating of videotaped family problem-solving discussions.

Effects of prior hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia on cognition in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: Despite the general consensus that youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) can experience modest cognitive impairment, debate continues over the role of severe hypoglycemia (Hypo) and/or hyperglycemia (Hyper) in producing such impairment. Our aim was to determine how Hypo and Hyper experienced during brain development predict patterns of subsequent cognitive performance in youth with T1DM.

Methods: We tested youth aged 5-16 yr (T1DM, n = 117; non-diabetic sibling controls, n = 58) on cognitive tasks (verbal and spatial intelligence, verbal and spatial memory, and processing speed).

Regional brain volume differences associated with hyperglycemia and severe hypoglycemia in youth with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: Despite interest in the effects of type 1 diabetes on the developing brain, structural brain volumes in youth with this disease have not previously been examined. This study is the first to quantify regional brain volume differences in a large sample of youth with diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Magnetic resonance images (MRIs) were acquired from youth with diabetes (n = 108) and healthy sibling control subjects (n = 51) aged 7-17 years.

Effects of behavioral family systems therapy for diabetes on adolescents' family relationships, treatment adherence, and metabolic control.

Background: Behavioral family systems therapy (BFST) for adolescents with diabetes has improved family relationships and communication, but effects on adherence and metabolic control were weak. We evaluated a revised intervention, BFST for diabetes (BFST-D).

Methods: One hundred and four families were randomized to standard care (SC) or to 12 sessions of either an educational support group (ES) or a BFST-D over 6 months.

Frequency and timing of severe hypoglycemia affects spatial memory in children with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: Repeated severe hypoglycemia has been reported to reduce long-term spatial memory in children with type 1 diabetes. Early exposure to hypoglycemia may be more damaging to cognitive function than later exposure. Our goal was to determine whether the age at which severe hypoglycemia occurs modulates the impact of severe hypoglycemia frequency on long-term spatial memory.

Self-care autonomy and outcomes of intensive therapy or usual care in youth with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: This article evaluated whether deviation from developmentally appropriate self-care autonomy moderated the effects of intensive therapy (IT) or usual care (UC) on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1C)) in 142 youths with diabetes.

Methods: Youths received an autonomy/maturity ratio (AMR) score at baseline that was a ratio of standardized scores on measures of self-care autonomy to standardized scores on measures of psychological maturity and were categorized by tertile split into low, moderate, and high AMR.

Results: Higher baseline AMR was associated with higher baseline HbA(1C) for IT and UC.

A prospective study of severe hypoglycemia and long-term spatial memory in children with type 1 diabetes.

In a previous retrospective study, severe hypoglycemia (SH) was associated with decreased long-term spatial memory in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that prospectively ascertained SH would also be associated with decreased spatial long-term memory over time. Children with T1DM (n = 42) and sibling controls (n = 25) performed a spatial delayed response (SDR) task with short and long delays and other neuropsychological tests at baseline and after 15 months of monitoring.

Severe hypoglycemia and long-term spatial memory in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study.

Performance on long delays of delayed response tasks is associated with medial temporal function, a region of the brain affected by severe hypoglycemia. A previous study showed that children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) with higher risk for severe hypoglycemia performed worse than controls on long delays of a spatial delayed response (SDR) task. We tested the more specific hypothesis that frequency of severe hypoglycemia would relate to long delay SDR performance.

Self-management competence as a predictor of outcomes of intensive therapy or usual care in youth with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: This article evaluates prediction of HbA(1c) during an 18-month randomized trial of intensive therapy (IT) versus usual care (UC) for type 1 diabetes in 142 youth.

Research Design And Methods: Patients received a composite score for self-management competence (SMC) that combined standardized scores on baseline measures of diabetes knowledge, treatment adherence, and quality of health care interactions. They were categorized by tertiles split into low, moderate, and high SMC levels.