Unhealthy food outlets and outdoor advertisements in urban South African primary school students' food environments.

Children's exposure to outlets selling, and outdoor advertisements marketing, unhealthy foods is an important risk factor for obesity. Yet few policies address the food retail and/or outdoor advertising environment, and research about children's perceptions is limited, especially in low- and middle-income countries. We used a participatory, multimodal visual/verbal approach to explore urban-dwelling South African primary school students' perceptions of unhealthy food outlets and outdoor advertisements they encountered on their journeys to school.

Sitting in Wait: Everyday Caregiving Practices for People with Dementia in Rural South Africa.

Practice theories offer potential to reveal, understand, and attribute value to the everyday thoughts and actions of dementia caregivers. Drawing on ethnographic data from research in rural South Africa, on everyday dementia care practices, we highlight the profound importance of mundane practices - especially "sitting in wait" - for optimizing wellbeing of people with dementia who are cared for at home. We draw attention to the structural drivers of homebased (informal) care, which is underpinned by state inaction.

Conceptualisations of "good care" within informal caregiving networks for older people in rural South Africa.

Good care in social policy statements is commonly implied as familial and person-centred, provided by family members and focused on upholding the autonomy, dignity and respect of the care recipient. Policy consideration of the relational nature of caregiving, the sociomaterial determinants of good care, the practical knowledge of caregivers and responsibilities of the state, is limited. Drawing on the ethics of care theory and a care ecology framework, which conceptualises the dynamic interactions between formal and informal care "systems," we analysed ethnographic data of the interactions of 21 caregivers and their older care recipients in South Africa to understand how they conceptualised good care.

Structural Influences on Consent Decisions in Participatory Health Research in Eswatini.

Recognition that structural factors influence participation decisions and have potential to coerce participation, emerged relatively recently in research ethics literature. Empirical evidence to elucidate the nature of "structural" coercion and influence is needed to optimise respect for autonomy through voluntary informed consent. We present findings from ethnographic data about community co-researchers' experiences designing and implementing demographic and health survey consent procedures in participatory health research in Eswatini.

Invited Commentary on "Combatting neo-Colonialism in Health Research: What can Aboriginal Health Research Ethics and Global Health Research Ethics Teach Each Other?".

Bridget Pratt and Adrian Harper ( 2021) conducted a comparison of articles identified through six electronic literature searches. Their aim was to "identify ethics literature… that discussed combatting neo-colonial models of research". They used manifest content analysis to compare the conceptual content of articles from the fields of global health (GH) and Australian Aboriginal health (AH).

Ethical tensions surrounding 'third-party disclosure' by participants: Lessons from participatory health research in Eswatini.

Third-party disclosure by participants is inherent to much global health research. It presents ethical tensions with respecting the autonomy and privacy of non-consenting individuals whose data are disclosed but is neglected in ethics guidelines. Our aim was to describe and ethically reflect on, third party disclosure in a community-participatory demographic and health survey (DHS) implemented within participatory health research (PHR) about community-based care of children affected by AIDS in Eswatini.

Enhancing demographic survey protocols to characterise household dynamics that influence health - a participatory approach from rural Eswatini.

Standard Western demographic survey protocols fail to capture dynamics, such as circular migration and support networks, that profoundly influence the health of non-Western domestic social groups, typically called households. Enhanced protocols are needed because survey data provide the primary evidence base for health policy and planning globally. We present the participatory development, implementation and analysis of a novel demographic survey protocol, that aimed to better capture domestic social dynamics in rural Eswatini, southern Africa.

Community participation in health research: an ethnography from rural Swaziland.

Community participation in all aspects of health research is widely advocated. However, there is a lack of specificity in reporting what community members actually do, and reported participation is typically limited to discrete research activities. Greater specificity in reporting has potential to clarify how community participation might occur and how it might influence empowerment and research rigour.

Community-based care of children affected by AIDS in Swaziland: a gender-aware analysis.

Background: Care of children affected by AIDS in Swaziland is predominately provided by families, with support from 'community-based responses'. This approach is consistent with United Nations International Children's Fund's (UNICEF) framework for the protection, care and support of children affected by AIDS. However, the framework relies heavily on voluntary caregiving which is highly gendered.

Health Capability Deprivations in a Rural Swazi Community: Understanding Complexity With Theoretically Informed, Qualitatively Driven, Mixed-Method Design, Participatory Action Research.

Comprehensive theories of health justice can supplement rights-based approaches like primary health care, by conceptualizing key terms, and systematizing knowledge about structural factors that influence health. Our aim was to use "health capability" as a theoretical lens for understanding how primary health care approaches might address structural factors impeding health in a rural Swazi community. We conducted abductive, interpretive, analysis of a mixed-method (QUAL+quan) data set about "health capability deprivations," generated through participatory action research.

Gendered childcare norms - evidence from rural Swaziland to inform innovative structural HIV prevention approaches for young women.

Addressing discriminatory gender norms is a prerequisite for preventing HIV in women, including young women. However, the gendered expectation that women will perform unpaid childcare-related labour is rarely conceptualised as influencing their HIV risk. Our aim was to learn from members of a rural Swazi community about how gendered childcare norms.