OSA-Onset: An algorithm for predicting the age of OSA onset.

Study Objectives: There is currently no way to estimate the period of time a person has had obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Such information would allow identification of people who have had an extended exposure period and are therefore at greater risk of other medical disorders; and enable consideration of disease chronicity in the study of OSA pathogenesis/treatment.

Method: The 'age of OSA Onset' algorithm was developed in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort (WSC), in participants who had ≥2 sleep studies and not using continuous positive airway pressure (n = 696).

Sleep in young people: What works now and where to? A meta-review of behavioural and cognitive interventions and lifestyle factors.

Objectives: 1) Systematically review meta-analyses and systematic reviews that (a) explored health/lifestyle factors affecting sleep, and/or (b) investigated behavioral/psychological sleep interventions in young people (10-25-years); 2) Evaluate the quality of published literature, and, if an intervention; 3) Examine method and effectiveness of mode of delivery, to inform current clinical practice and research direction.

Method: A systematic search of Embase ( = 45), MEDLINE ( = 67), Web of Science ( = 375), Google Scholar ( = 138), and hand-searching was conducted. After full review, 12 papers were selected, 2 systematic reviews without, and 10 with, meta-analyses.

Hearing Aid Review Appointments: Attendance and Effectiveness.

Purpose: This study aimed to (a) identify participant factors associated with hearing aid review (HAR) appointment attendance, (b) investigate whether the completion of self-report survey identifying hearing aid-related problems affects HAR appointment attendance, and (c) investigate whether hearing aid problems and hearing aid management deficiencies are adequately addressed during HAR appointments.

Method: A prospective cohort study of adult hearing aid owners recruited from a single hearing clinic in Western Australia. Potential participants were invited to an annual HAR appointment via postal letter.

Perspectives on Mental Health Screening in the Audiology Setting: A Focus Group Study Involving Clinical and Nonclinical Staff.

Purpose: Audiology clinical guidelines recommend the use of mental health screening tools; however, they remain underutilized in clinical practice. As such, psychological concerns are frequently undetected in adults with hearing loss. This study aimed to better understand audiology clinic staff's perspectives (including audiologists, audiometrists, reception staff, and clinic managers) on how to improve detection of poor mental health by (a) exploring the role of audiology clinic staff in detecting psychological concerns in adults with hearing loss and (b) investigating the appropriateness, acceptability, and usability of several screening tools in an audiology setting.

Cognitive Dysfunction in Insomnia Phenotypes: Further Evidence for Different Disorders.

To determine cognitive profiles in individuals with short sleep duration insomnia (SSDI) and normal sleep duration insomnia (NSDI; also, paradoxical insomnia), compared to healthy sleepers. Polysomnographic (PSG) and neuropsychological data were analysed from 902 community-based Raine Study participants aged 22 ± 0.6 years of whom 124 met criteria for insomnia (53 with NSDI and 71 with or SSDI) and 246 were classified as healthy with normal sleep (i.

Coping with the social challenges and emotional distress associated with hearing loss: a qualitative investigation using Leventhal's self-regulation theory.

Objective: To explore the lived experience of social challenges and emotional distress in relation to hearing loss and the coping mechanisms employed to manage them.

Design: Two focus groups and two one-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted during February 2020. Transcripts were first inductively analysed to identify experiential categories of social and emotional difficulty, and then deductively analysed using Leventhal's self-regulation model to identify how individuals conceptualised these experiences and the coping mechanisms employed to manage them.

Exploring Current Practice, Knowledge, and Training Needs for Managing Psychosocial Concerns in the Audiology Setting: Perspectives of Audiologists, Audiology Reception Staff, and Managers.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the current practices and training requirements for supporting clients experiencing psychosocial concerns in the audiology setting, from the perspectives of audiology clinicians, managers, and reception staff. Method Convenience sampling was used to recruit audiologists, reception staff, and clinic managers ( = 13, = 32.2 ± 8.

Improving Prospective Memory Performance in Community-dwelling Older Adults: Goal Management Training and Implementation Intentions.

The present study tested a compensatory executive intervention for prospective memory (goal management training) for the first time in older adults. Prospective memory (the ability to remember and execute a task in the future) declines with age, with significant implications for older adults' activities of daily living and quality of life. Prospective memory interventions have focused primarily on the retrospective component of prospective memory (e.

Time to regroup and redirect? Sleep fragmentation and hypoxia may not be where we should focus our efforts in looking for causal pathways to cognitive deficits in OSA.

Olaithe M, Pushpanathan M, Bucks RS. Time to regroup and redirect? Sleep fragmentation and hypoxia may not be where we should focus our efforts in looking for causal pathways to cognitive deficits in OSA. .

Cognitive profiles in obstructive sleep apnea: a cluster analysis in sleep clinic and community samples.

Study Objectives: Although cognitive dysfunction is a recognized consequence of untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the deficit pattern is heterogeneous. Understanding this heterogeneity may identify those at risk of cognitive deficits and guide intervention strategies. To facilitate understanding, we examined whether distinct profiles of neuropsychological performance were present in OSA and, if so, how they are related to other OSA features.

A brief report: The National Adult Reading Test (NART) is a stable assessment of premorbid intelligence across disease severity in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a widely prevalent disorder that can affect cognitive function. The relationship between cognitive function and OSA is known to be affected by an individual's premorbid cognitive ability. Tools to measure premorbid intelligence across OSA disease severity have not been validated.

Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS): Normative Data for Older Adults.

Objective: Provide updated older adult (ages 60+) normative data for the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Form A, using regression techniques, and corrected for education, age, and gender.

Method: Participants (aged 60-93 years; N = 415) were recruited through the Healthy Ageing Research Program (HARP), University of Western Australia, and completed Form A of the RBANS as part of a wider neuropsychological test battery. Regression-based techniques were used to generate normative data rather than means-based methods.

Beyond factor analysis: Multidimensionality and the Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale-Revised.

Many studies have sought to describe the relationship between sleep disturbance and cognition in Parkinson's disease (PD). The Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS) and its variants (the Parkinson's disease Sleep Scale-Revised; PDSS-R, and the Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale-2; PDSS-2) quantify a range of symptoms impacting sleep in only 15 items. However, data from these scales may be problematic as included items have considerable conceptual breadth, and there may be overlap in the constructs assessed.

Reviewing the relationship between OSA and cognition: Where do we go from here?

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a disorder of breathing during sleep resulting in temporary reduction in cerebral oxygenation and sleep disruption. A growing body of research reveals a relatively consistent pattern of deficits in cognition, particularly in attention, episodic memory, and executive function, which are partially remediated by treatment. This is where the consensus ends.

Evaluating Random Error in Clinician-Administered Surveys: Theoretical Considerations and Clinical Applications of Interobserver Reliability and Agreement.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to raise awareness of interobserver concordance and the differences between interobserver reliability and agreement when evaluating the responsiveness of a clinician-administered survey and, specifically, to demonstrate the clinical implications of data types (nominal/categorical, ordinal, interval, or ratio) and statistical index selection (for example, Cohen's kappa, Krippendorff's alpha, or interclass correlation).

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 3 clinical audiologists, who were masked to each other's scores, administered the Practical Hearing Aid Skills Test-Revised to 18 adult owners of hearing aids. Interobserver concordance was examined using a range of reliability and agreement statistical indices.

Cognitive deficits in obstructive sleep apnea: Insights from a meta-review and comparison with deficits observed in COPD, insomnia, and sleep deprivation.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a nocturnal breathing disorder that is associated with cognitive impairment. The primary determinants of cognitive deficits in OSA are thought to be sleep disruption and blood gas abnormalities. Cognitive impairment is also seen in other disorders that are characterised primarily by sleep disturbance (e.

Are hearing aid owners able to identify and self-report handling difficulties? A pilot study.

Objective: Although clinician administered surveys evaluating hearing aid handling skills exist, the development of a self-administered version may reduce clinical load, save consultation time, and facilitate more frequent use than face-to-face consultations allow. However, there is currently no evidence to support whether hearing aid owners can accurately self-report hearing aid handling skills via self-report survey that systematically evaluates the ability to accurately perform the individual aspects of hearing aid handling required for effective hearing aid management.

Design: An explorative pilot study using a prospective research design.

Embedded Figures Test Performance in the Broader Autism Phenotype: A Meta-analysis.

People with autism show superior performance to controls on the Embedded Figures Test (EFT). However, studies examining the relationship between autistic-like traits and EFT performance in neurotypical individuals have yielded inconsistent findings. To examine the inconsistency, a meta-analysis was conducted of studies that (a) compared high and low Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) groups, and (b) treated AQ as a continuous variable.

Cognition and nocturnal disturbance in OSA: the importance of accounting for age and premorbid intelligence.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder that is associated with impaired attention, memory and executive function. However, the mechanisms underlying such dysfunction are unclear. To determine the influence of sleep fragmentation and hypoxia, this study examined the effect of sleep fragmentation and hypoxia on cognition in OSA, while controlling for potentially confounding variables including sleepiness, age and premorbid intelligence.

Executive dysfunction in OSA before and after treatment: a meta-analysis.

Study Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a frequent and often underdiagnosed condition that is associated with upper airway collapse, oxygen desaturation, and sleep fragmentation leading to cognitive dysfunction. There is meta-analytic evidence that subdomains of attention and memory are affected by OSA. However, a thorough investigation of the impact of OSA on different subdomains of executive function is yet to be conducted.

Sleep and aging: examining the effect of psychological symptoms and risk of sleep-disordered breathing.

Controversy exists as to whether self-reported sleep quality declines with age, despite changes in sleep being accepted as part of normal aging. This study sought to investigate age-related differences in self-reported sleep quality, after controlling for conditions that are common with age, such as psychological symptoms and increased risk of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was administered to a sample of 582 community adults (aged 18-89 years), and the association between age and 3 factors of the PSQI (sleep efficiency, perceived sleep quality, and daily disturbance), and global scores, was examined controlling for depression, anxiety, stress, gender, and SDB risk.

Predicting uptake of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA): a belief-based theoretical approach.

Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common disorder, for which continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is a standard treatment. Despite its well-established efficacy, many patients choose not to initiate CPAP treatment. The present study investigated the degree to which biological measures (e.

Can we get more from the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) than just a single score? A confirmatory factor analysis of the ESS.

Purpose: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is a widely used tool for measuring sleepiness. In addition to providing a single measure of sleepiness (a one-factor structure), the ESS also has the capacity to provide additional information about specific factors that facilitate sleep onset, including a person's posture, activity and environment. These features of sleepiness are referred to as somnificity.