A critical item analysis of the QABF: development of a short form assessment instrument.

Due to the relative inability of individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) to provide an accurate and reliable self-report, assessment in this population is more difficult than with individuals in the general population. As a result, assessment procedures must be adjusted to compensate for the relative lack of information that the individual may be able to provide and rely more on the behavioral expression of communication. One method commonly used is the indirect functional assessment that utilizes behavior rating scales developed to gather behavioral data in a short time.

Intergenerational transmission of tobacco use and dependence: a transdisciplinary perspective.

Numerous questions remain regarding the intergenerational transmission of tobacco use and dependence, and some of these questions are best approached from a transdisciplinary perspective. For example, considering both genetic and environmental influences on cigarette smoking promises to be a fruitful venue for future investigations. In this paper, we consider the evidence regarding intergenerational influences on the transmission of tobacco use and nicotine dependence in both humans and animal models; our focus will be on genetic influences, in utero exposure to nicotine, and some postnatal influences.