Metacognition About Collaborative Learning: Students' Beliefs Are Inconsistent with Their Learning Preferences.

Collaboration plays an important role in educational contexts. However, little is known about students' metacognitive beliefs about collaboration. The present study used an online survey to investigate students' beliefs toward group study/recall, their studying preferences, strategies they use when studying individually and in groups, and important characteristics of their group members.

Examining the time course of post collaborative benefits across word lists and prose passages.

In the current study, we investigated how long the effects of one single collaboration session continue to influence individual memory. Participants learned categorized word lists and prose passages individually, and then they were instructed to recall learned materials either collaboratively or individually. Following initial recall, participants completed an individual recall test after a delay of 5 min, 48 h, or 1 week.

Type 2 Diabetes Increases the Risk of Serious and Life-Threatening Conditions Among Adults With Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.

Objective: To compare the incidence of and adjusted hazards for serious and life-threatening morbidities among adults with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Participants And Methods: A retrospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted from September 1, 2022 to February 2, 2023, among privately insured beneficiaries if they had an International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision or 10th Revision, Clinical Modification diagnostic code for TSCI (n=9081). Incidence estimates of serious and life-threatening morbidities, and more common secondary and long-term health conditions, were compared at 5 years of enrollment.

Exploratory examination of the scale structure of the Moorong Self-Efficacy Scale: Application of Rasch Measurement Theory.

Objective: Exploratory application of the Rasch Measurement (RM) Model for evidence for reproducibility, conceptual/content validity, and structural validity of the Moorong Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES).

Study Design: Secondary RM analysis of data collected in a randomized controlled trial comparing two exercise interventions for persons living with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Setting: Community-dwelling persons living with SCI enrolled in an exercise study.

Potentially Preventable Hospitalization Among Adults with Hearing, Vision, and Dual Sensory Loss: A Case and Control Study.

Objective: To evaluate the risk of potentially preventable hospitalizations (PPHs) among adults with sensory loss. We hypothesized a greater PPH risk among people with a sensory loss (hearing, vision, and dual) compared with controls.

Patients And Methods: Using 2007-2016 Medicare fee-for-service claims, this retrospective, case-control study examined the risk of PPH among adults aged 65 years and older with hearing, vision, and dual sensory loss compared with their corresponding counterparts without sensory loss (between June 1, 2022, and February 1, 2023).

Feasibility and acceptability of a remote, hands-free cognitive battery for adults with traumatic spinal cord injury.

Purpose/objective: To evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of testing the cognitive abilities of adults with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) via teleconference.

Research Design: Data were collected prospectively at two study sites from 75 adults living with TSCI. Participants completed a series of self-report measures via an online survey platform, in addition to a brief battery of cognitive testing administered via audio-video teleconference.

Arbiters of Time: The Experience of Adults Aging with Spinal Cord Injury.

Time is a fundamental component of our lives. It is both objective, a structure outside of ourselves, and subjective, an element that is relative to the life we live and how we experience it. The disabled body must come to terms with time to understand the future impact of the injury and its progression, as well as how the injury will impose a new more accelerated aging process in the body, resulting in a compressed lifespan.

Disparities in Morbidity After Spinal Cord Injury Across Insurance Types in the United States.

Objective: To compare the prevalence and incidence of, and adjusted hazards for comorbidities among adults with traumatic spinal cord injuries (TSCIs) across insurance types (private vs governmental insurance) in the United States.

Patients And Methods: Privately insured (N=9081) and Medicare (N=7645) beneficiaries with a diagnosis of TSCI were included. Prevalence and incidence estimates of common psychological, cardiometabolic, and musculoskeletal morbidities were compared at baseline and at 4-years after index diagnosis, respectively.

Spotlighting Disability in a Major Electronic Health Record: Michigan Medicine's Disability and Accommodations Tab.

People with disabilities represent the largest minority group in the United States and a priority population for health services research. Despite federal civil rights law, people with disabilities face inaccessible health care environments that fail to accommodate their disability. We present Michigan Medicine's Disability and Accommodations Tab.

Racial and Ethnic Inequities in Use of Preventive Services Among Privately Insured Adults With a Pediatric-Onset Disability.

Purpose: Cerebral palsy (CP) and spina bifida (SB) are pediatric-onset disabilities. Adults living with CP/SB are in a greater need of preventive care than the general population due to their increased risk for chronic diseases. Our objective was to compare White/Black and White/Hispanic inequities in the use of preventive services.

Have Almost Fifty Years Of Disability Civil Rights Laws Achieved Equitable Care?

For almost fifty years, federal civil rights laws such as Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 and the ADA Amendments Act of 2008, and Section 1557 and other provisions of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act have prohibited discrimination against Americans with disabilities, including in health care. Despite these laws, disabled Americans continue to experience disparities in health and health care, from preventive care to home and community-based services. In its 2022 the National Council on Disability highlighted some of these disparities and recommended remedies.

Risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among adults aging with vision impairment: The role of the neighborhood environment.

Background: Vision impairment (VI) affects approximately 1 in 28 Americans over the age of 40 and the prevalence increases sharply with age. However, experiencing vision loss with aging can be very different from aging with VI acquired earlier in life. People aging with VI may be at increased risk for diabetes due to environmental barriers in accessing health care, healthy food, and recreational resources that can facilitate positive health behaviors.

Does collaboration help or hurt recall? The answer depends on working memory capacity.

Collaborative inhibition (reduced recall in collaborative vs. nominal groups) is a robust phenomenon. However, it is possible that not everyone is as susceptible to collaborative inhibition, such as those higher in working memory capacity (WMC).

Factors enabling comorbidities and secondary conditions in older adults with spinal cord injury.

Objective: To examine the role of personal, social, and environmental factors predicting comorbidities and secondary conditions among older adults with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Design: Cross-sectional study utilizing survey methods were used to collect the data analyzed with two distinct general linear models.

Setting: Community-dwelling participants who resided in rural and urban areas.

Ableism and Contours of the Attitudinal Environment as Identified by Adults with Long-Term Physical Disabilities: A Qualitative Study.

Adults with physical disabilities experience a continuum of enabling and disabling attitudes in the environment. This study identified where adults with physical disabilities experience the attitudinal environment, the continuum of those attitudes, and how they impact emotional and psychological health and well-being. Focus groups and interviews were conducted in 2019 and 2020 with adults with physical disabilities in southeastern Michigan in the United States.

Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia among people with multiple sclerosis: Large cohort study, USA.

Background: Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are two neurodegenerative diseases with some shared pathophysiological characteristics. While the salient attribute of ADRD is a progressive decline in cognitive function, MS is mainly known for causing physical weakness, vision loss, and muscle stiffness. Progressive cognitive decline, however, is not uncommon among MS patients, and many case reports of MS were indicative of ADRD coexistence.

Psychological morbidity following spinal cord injury and among those without spinal cord injury: the impact of chronic centralized and neuropathic pain.

Study Design: Longitudinal cohort study of privately insured beneficiaries with and without traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).

Objectives: Compare the incidence of and adjusted hazards for psychological morbidities among adults with and without traumatic SCI, and examine the effect of chronic centralized and neuropathic pain on outcomes.

Setting: Privately insured beneficiaries were included if they had an ICD-9-CM diagnostic code for traumatic SCI (n = 9081).

Flourishing after traumatic spinal cord injury: Results from a multimethod study.

Purpose/objective: Adverse outcomes after traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) are not ubiquitous; that is, it is possible to thrive in the years after injury. Accordingly, we examined both the association between various factors and psychological flourishing, or ideal mental health, after TSCI, as well as the characteristics of adults with average or higher levels of psychological flourishing in terms of personality, social support, and executive functioning.

Research Design: This study included two phases.

Longitudinal Associations Between Vision Impairment and the Incidence of Neuropsychiatric, Musculoskeletal, and Cardiometabolic Chronic Diseases.

Purpose: To compare the incidence and hazard of neuropsychiatric, musculoskeletal, and cardiometabolic conditions among adults with and without vision impairment (VI).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: The sample comprised enrollees in a large private health insurance provider in the United States, including 24 657 adults aged ≥18 years with VI and age- and sex-matched controls.

The Impact of COVID-19 and Pandemic Mitigation Measures on Persons With Sensory Impairment.

Purpose: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated mitigation measures on persons with sensory impairments (SI), including visual impairments (VI) and hearing impairments (HI).

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Methods: Adults with VI (best-corrected visual acuity <20/60 in the better-seeing eye), HI (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, codes), and age- and sex-matched controls (n = 375) were recruited from the University of Michigan.

Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury and Risk of Early and Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia: Large Longitudinal Study.

Objective: Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is a life altering event most often causing permanent physical disability. Little is known about the risk of developing Alzheimer disease and related dementia (ADRD) among middle-aged and older adults living with TSCI. Time to diagnosis of and adjusted hazard for ADRD was assessed.

Fear, Isolation, and Invisibility during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study of Adults with Physical Disabilities in Marginalized Communities in Southeastern Michigan in the United States.

This study examines the initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults with physical disabilities from marginalized communities in southeastern Michigan, one of the early pandemic epicenters in the United States. A purposeful sample of fifteen adults with moderate to severe physical disabilities were recruited, taking part in individual remote semi-structured qualitative interviews, which were recorded, transcribed, and coded for emergent themes using a thematic approach to coding and analysis. Three interrelated, overarching themes emerged: fear, feelings of isolation, and a sense of being invisible.

Social contagion of memory and the role of self-initiated relative judgments.

Two experiments examined the role of spontaneous relative judgments within the social contagion of memory paradigm (Roediger, Meade, & Bergman, 2001). Participants viewed household scenes (for short or long durations) in collaboration with a confederate (with low, average, or superior memory ability) who falsely recalled incorrect items as having occurred in the scenes. Of interest was whether or not participants would spontaneously evaluate the state of their own memory relative to the state of the confederate's memory when remembering suggested information.