Marital status, brain health, and cognitive reserve among diverse older adults.

Objective: Being married may protect late-life cognition. Less is known about living arrangement among unmarried adults and mechanisms such as brain health (BH) and cognitive reserve (CR) across race and ethnicity or sex/gender. The current study examines (1) associations between marital status, BH, and CR among diverse older adults and (2) whether one's living arrangement is linked to BH and CR among unmarried adults.

New2Neuropsychology (N2N): An organization to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion in neuropsychology.

Objective: To introduce New2Neuropsychology (N2N), an organization that seeks to increase recruitment of historically underrepresented minoritized (URM) students, and to examine preliminary data on N2N's impact and effectiveness in increasing knowledge about neuropsychology for URM students.

Method: This paper reviews relevant literature on factors informing the development of N2N. We also present descriptive data on N2N's impact to date, and results of pre- and post- surveys for presentations about neuropsychology delivered to 90 college students (mean age = 24.

Nano-Pulse Stimulation Therapy Initiates Regulated Cell Death in Skin, Unlike Bovie Radiofrequency Ablation and Cryoablation.

Background: This study describes a unique new bioelectric approach for clearing skin lesions and illustrates the clinical and histological differences between this new method and the standards of cryoablation and Bovie radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

Objectives: To determine the advantage of stimulating regulated cell death with nanosecond pulsed electric fields over the necrosis response elicited by thermal ablation modalities.

Methods: Human abdominal skin was treated with cryoablation, Bovie RFA, and nano-pulse stimulation (NPS) therapy four times before an abdominoplasty procedure was performed to collect skin for histology.

Longitudinal intravital microscopy of the mouse kidney: inflammatory responses to abdominal imaging windows.

Intravital microscopy enables direct observation of cell biology and physiology at subcellular resolution in real time in living animals. Implanted windows extend the scope of intravital microscopy to processes extending for weeks or even months, such as disease progression or tumor development. However, a question that must be addressed in such studies is whether the imaging window, like any foreign body, triggers an inflammatory response, and whether that response alters the biological process under investigation.

The "Latines Lideres En Salud (LaLiSa)" study: Rationale and design.

Background: Latines suffer from breast cancer (BC), due to elevated biological and social determinants of health (SDOH) risks. This study compares the effects of different strategies on uptake of cancer genetic services, specifically hereditary cancer risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing, and risk-based BC care.

Design/methods: In Chicago, Illinois, Aim 1 participants are recruited from a federally qualified health center (FQHC) and community venues.

Genetic Mapping and Phenotypic Analysis of on Eye and Antennae Development in .

Genetic screens are valuable for identifying novel genes involved in the regulation of developmental processes. To identify genes associated with cell growth regulation in , a mutagenesis screen was performed. Undergraduate students participating in Fly-CURE phenotypically characterized the mutant which is associated with rough eyes and antennae overgrowth.

Reducing target binding affinity improves the therapeutic index of anti-MET antibody-drug conjugate in tumor bearing animals.

Many oncology antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have failed to demonstrate efficacy in clinic because of dose-limiting toxicity caused by uptake into healthy tissues. We developed an approach that harnesses ADC affinity to broaden the therapeutic index (TI) using two anti-mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with high affinity (HAV) or low affinity (LAV) conjugated to monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). The estimated TI for LAV-ADC was at least 3 times greater than the HAV-ADC.

Withdrawal from repeated nicotine vapor exposure increases somatic signs of physical dependence, anxiety-like behavior, and brain reward thresholds in adult male rats.

Nicotine vapor consumption via electronic nicotine delivery systems has increased over the last decade. While prior work has shed light on the health effects of nicotine vapor inhalation, its unique effects on the brain and behavior have not been thoroughly explored. In this study we assessed markers of withdrawal following 14 days of nicotine vapor exposure.

A boot camp translation of Alzheimer's disease in Hispanic/Latino communities.

Introduction: Hispanics/Latinos (H/Ls) are significantly underrepresented in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research participant samples. This exclusion limits our interpretation of research findings and understanding of the causes of brain health disparities. The Engaging Communities of Hispanics/Latinos for Aging Research (ECHAR) Network was created to engage, educate, and motivate H/Ls for participation in brain aging research by addressing several barriers to inclusion, including health literacy and AD-related communication.

Factor VIII trafficking to CD4+ T cells shapes its immunogenicity and requires several types of antigen-presenting cells.

Despite >80 years of clinical experience with coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors, surprisingly little is known about the in vivo mechanism of this most serious complication of replacement therapy for hemophilia A. These neutralizing antidrug alloantibodies arise in ∼30% of patients. Inhibitor formation is T-cell dependent, but events leading up to helper T-cell activation have been elusive because of, in part, the complex anatomy and cellular makeup of the spleen.

Epigenetic basis of diabetic vasculopathy.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) causes peripheral vascular disease because of which several blood-borne factors, including vital nutrients fail to reach the affected tissue. Tissue epigenome is sensitive to chronic hyperglycemia and is known to cause pathogenesis of micro- and macrovascular complications. These vascular complications of T2DM may perpetuate the onset of organ dysfunction.

Intravital Microscopy Reveals Unforeseen Biodistribution Within the Liver and Kidney Mechanistically Connected to the Clearance of a Bifunctional Antibody.

Bifunctional antibody (BfAb) therapeutics offer the potential for novel functionalities beyond those of the individual monospecific entities. However, combining these entities into a single molecule can have unpredictable effects, including changes in pharmacokinetics that limit the compound's therapeutic profile. A better understanding of how molecular modifications affect in vivo tissue interactions could help inform BfAb design.

Adolescent connectedness: cornerstone for health and wellbeing.

Approaches to youth development that enhance connectedness and opportunities for young people are key to adolescent health and wellbeing argue

Mitofusins Mfn1 and Mfn2 Are Required to Preserve Glucose- but Not Incretin-Stimulated β-Cell Connectivity and Insulin Secretion.

Mitochondrial glucose metabolism is essential for stimulated insulin release from pancreatic β-cells. Whether mitofusin gene expression, and hence, mitochondrial network integrity, is important for glucose or incretin signaling has not previously been explored. Here, we generated mice with β-cell-selective, adult-restricted deletion knock-out (dKO) of the mitofusin genes Mfn1 and Mfn2 (βMfn1/2 dKO).

Closing the gap: Collaborative care addresses social determinants of health.

Social determinants of health have a significant impact on individual and community health outcomes. Using an integrated behavioral health model at a primary care clinic-a Federally Qualified Health Center-NPs led an interdisciplinary team to address outcome measures that are influenced by social determinants of health.

Discovery of : an Efficient Inhibitor of the HDM2-p53 Protein-Protein Interaction.

Identification of low-dose, low-molecular-weight, drug-like inhibitors of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is a challenging area of research. Despite the challenges, the therapeutic potential of PPI inhibition has driven significant efforts toward this goal. Adding to recent success in this area, we describe herein our efforts to optimize a novel purine carboxylic acid-derived inhibitor of the HDM2-p53 PPI into a series of low-projected dose inhibitors with overall favorable pharmacokinetic and physical properties.

Comprehension exposures to words in sentence contexts impact spoken word production.

Comprehension or production of isolated words and production of words embedded in sentence contexts facilitated later production in previous research. The present study examined the extent to which contextualized comprehension exposures would impact later production. Two repetition priming experiments were conducted with Spanish-English bilingual participants.

The Social Context of Early Adolescents in the Global Early Adolescent Study.

Purpose: This paper used data from the Global Early Adolescent Study (GEAS) to provide a descriptive analysis of how early adolescents' social environments vary by sex across diverse cultural settings.

Methods: The analyses were based on baseline data among 10-14-year old adolescents living in disadvantaged urban areas in seven sites: Kinshasa (DRC), Shanghai (China), Cuenca (Ecuador), Lampung, Semarang and Denpasar (Indonesia), and Flanders (Belgium). Except in Kinshasa where face-to face interviews were used, data were collected using self-administered surveys on mobile tablets.

Family planning science and practice lessons from the 2018 International Conference on Family Planning.

Since 2009, the International Conference on Family Planning (ICFP) has served as an opportunity for the global reproductive health community to share FP advances and practice lessons in the areas of research, programming, and advocacy. The purpose of this paper was to synthesize the key results and findings presented by members of the FP community at the 2018 ICFP Conference. More than 700 abstracts from all 15 conference tracks were reviewed and 64 abstracts total were selected for this paper based on the novelty and urgency of the findings.

Mitochondrial depolarization and repolarization in the early stages of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice.

Mitochondrial injury and depolarization are primary events in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Previous studies have shown that restoration of mitochondrial function in surviving hepatocytes, which is critical to recovery, is at least partially accomplished via biogenesis of new mitochondria. However, other studies indicate that mitochondria also have the potential to spontaneously repolarize.

Spatial Temporal Analysis of Fieldwise Flow in Microvasculature.

Changes in blood flow velocity and distribution are vital in maintaining tissue and organ perfusion in response to varying cellular needs. Further, appearance of defects in microcirculation can be a primary indicator in the development of multiple pathologies. Advances in optical imaging have made intravital microscopy (IVM) a practical approach, permitting imaging at the cellular and subcellular level in live animals at high-speed over time.

Illiteracy, dementia risk, and cognitive trajectories among older adults with low education.

Objective: To investigate whether illiteracy was associated with greater risk of prevalent and incident dementia and more rapid cognitive decline among older adults with low education.

Methods: Analyses included 983 adults (≥65 years old, ≤4 years of schooling) who participated in a longitudinal community aging study. Literacy was self-reported ("Did you ever learn to read or write?").

Transgender Women's Concerns and Preferences on Potential Future Long-Acting Biomedical HIV Prevention Strategies: The Case of Injections and Implanted Medication Delivery Devices (IMDDs).

There are several long-acting biomedical HIV prevention products in the development pipeline, including injections and implanted medication delivery devices (IMDDs). It is critical to understand concerns and preferences on the use of these products in populations that shoulder a disproportionate burden of the HIV epidemic, such as transgender women. This will allow researchers and public health professionals to construct interventions tailored to the needs of these women to promote optimal use of these tools.

A dose-response study of a novel method of selective tissue modification of cellular structures in the skin with nanosecond pulsed electric fields.

Background And Objectives: This study describes the effects of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) on the epidermis and dermis of normal skin scheduled for excision in a subsequent abdominoplasty. NsPEF therapy applies nanosecond pulses of electrical energy to induce regulated cell death (RCD) in cellular structures, with negligible thermal effects. Prior pre-clinical studies using nsPEF technology have demonstrated the ability to stimulate a lasting immune response in animal tumor models, including melanoma.