The burden of ischemic heart disease and the epidemiologic transition in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: 1990-2019.

It has been estimated that in the next decade, IHD prevalence, DALYs and deaths will increase more significantly in EMR than in any other region of the world. This study aims to provide a comprehensive description of the trends in the burden of ischemic heart disease (IHD) across the countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) from 1990 to 2019. Data on IHD prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), mortality, DALYs attributable to risk factors, healthcare access and quality index (HAQ), and universal health coverage (UHC) were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database for EMR countries.

Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Effects of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.

Purpose Of Review: Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKis) have changed the treatment and prognosis of several B-cell malignancies. However, since the approval of the first BTKi, ibrutinib, reports of cardiovascular adverse events especially atrial fibrillation have arisen. In this review, we discuss the cardiovascular side effects of BTKis and the management of these toxicities in clinical practice.

Urologists' Perceptions and Practices Related to Patient Smoking and Cessation: A National Assessment From the 2021 American Urological Association Census.

Objective: To assess urologists' perceptions and practices related to smoking and smoking cessation.

Materials And Methods: Six survey questions were designed to assess beliefs, practices, and determinants related to tobacco use assessment and treatment (TUAT) in outpatient urology clinics. These questions were included in an annual census survey (2021) offered to all practicing urologists.

Trends in the burden and determinants of hypertensive heart disease in the Eastern Mediterranean region, 1990-2019: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Background: Hypertensive heart disease (HHD), one of the end-organ damage consequences of hypertension, is an important public health issue worldwide. Data on the HHD burden in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR) are scarce. We aimed to investigate the burden of HHD in the EMR, its member countries, and globally from 1990 to 2019.

Changes in the burden and underlying causes of heart failure in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990-2019: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Background: The burden of heart failure (HF) is high globally, but information on its burden in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is limited. This study provides a systematic analysis of the burden and underlying causes of HF in the EMR, including at the country level, between 1990 and 2019.

Methods: We used the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data for estimates of prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), and underlying causes of HF in the EMR.

Relations of Current and Past Cancer with Severe Outcomes among 104,590 Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: The COVID EHR Cohort at the University of Wisconsin.

Background: There is mixed evidence about the relations of current versus past cancer with severe COVID-19 outcomes and how they vary by patient and cancer characteristics.

Methods: Electronic health record data of 104,590 adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were obtained from 21 United States health systems from February 2020 through September 2021. In-hospital mortality and ICU admission were predicted from current and past cancer diagnoses.

Study protocol for a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation trial testing virtual tobacco treatment in oncology practices [Smokefree Support Study 2.0].

Background: Persistent smoking among patients diagnosed with cancer is associated with adverse clinical outcomes, yet an evidence-based tobacco use intervention has not been well-integrated into cancer care in community oncology settings. This paper describes the protocol of a nation-wide clinical trial conducted by the ECOG-ACRIN National Cancer Institute (NCI) Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP) Research Base to assess the effectiveness of a virtual tobacco treatment intervention and the process of implementing tobacco treatment in NCORP community oncology settings.

Methods/design: This two-arm, multisite (n: 49 NCORP sites) hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation randomized controlled trial compares the effectiveness of a Virtual Intervention Treatment (VIT) versus an Enhanced Usual Control (EUC) among English and Spanish speaking patients recently diagnosed with cancer, reporting current smoking and receiving care at a participating NCORP Community or Minority/Underserved Site.

Evaluating the impact of a training program to support transitioning from the hospital to the community for people after stroke: a community case study.

Background: The transitions in care along the stroke recovery path are challenging, particularly in finding mechanisms to continue one's recovery once at home. We aim to evaluate the impact of training physiotherapists and fitness instructors from one regional community together to deliver an evidence-based group exercise program starting in the hospital and transitioning to the community using an implementation approach.

Methods: The evidenced based exercise program Fitness and Mobility Exercise (FAME) for stroke was chosen as the intervention.

Patients' and therapists' experience and perception of exoskeleton-based physiotherapy during subacute stroke rehabilitation: a qualitative analysis.

Purpose: To explore the experience and acceptability of an exoskeleton-based physiotherapy program for non-ambulatory patients during subacute stroke rehabilitation from the perspective of patients and therapists.

Materials And Methods: This was a qualitative descriptive study using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis. Fourteen patients with stroke who participated in the experimental arm of a randomized controlled trial investigating the efficacy of exoskeleton-based physiotherapy were recruited.

Themes for evaluating the quality of initiatives to engage patients and family caregivers in decision-making in healthcare systems: a scoping review.

Objective: To identify the key themes for evaluating the quality of initiatives to engage patients and family caregivers in decision-making across the organisation and system domains of healthcare systems.

Methods: We conducted a scoping review. Seven databases of journal articles were searched from their inception to June 2019.

Burden of Ischemic Heart Disease in Central Asian Countries, 1990-2017.

Background: The burden of ischemic heart disease (IHD) is high. There is limited information on the burden of IHD in identified high risk areas like Central Asia (CA) which is comprised of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Mongolia, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. This study addresses the burden of IHD in CA at the regional and country levels.

Quality of patient, family, caregiver and public engagement in decision-making in healthcare systems: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: To advance person- and family-centred healthcare, government initiatives have supported the engagement of patients and family caregivers in decision-making in healthcare systems. There is, however, no consensus on how to define success for such initiatives. This scoping review aims to identify the key elements for defining the quality of patient and family caregiver engagement in decision-making across the engagement domains (individual, community/organisation, system) of British Columbia's healthcare system.

Development and validation of a patient-reported questionnaire assessing systemic therapy induced diarrhea in oncology patients.

Background: Systemic therapy-induced diarrhea (STID) is a common side effect experienced by more than half of cancer patients. Despite STID-associated complications and poorer quality of life (QoL), no validated assessment tools exist to accurately assess STID occurrence and severity to guide clinical management. Therefore, we developed and validated a patient-reported questionnaire (STIDAT).

Assessment of the Measurement Error in Cyclosporine Levels Drawn Between Peripheral and Central Sources.

Objectives: Cyclosporine is often monitored by drug levels drawn through central venous catheters (CVCs), which may be falsely elevated due to reversible drug adsorption onto the catheter. Therefore, we assessed the correlation between cyclosporine levels drawn peripherally and through CVCs.

Methods: Bone marrow transplantation patients had a weekly collection of both peripheral and CVC draws from dual-lumen catheters simultaneously to assess cyclosporine levels after research ethics approval.

Integrating medication samples into the traditional community pharmacy supply chain: a feasibility study.

Objective: To assess the feasibility of a medication sampling program involving community pharmacists.

Methods: A community pharmacy dispensed samples after receiving a voucher given to patients by prescribers. Surveys explored prescribers' and patients' views about sampling and patients' experiences with the program.

Effect of non-surgical, non-pharmacological weight loss interventions in patients who are obese prior to hip and knee arthroplasty surgery: a rapid review.

Background: Of the more than 104,000 Canadians who underwent elective total joint arthroplasty (TJA) surgery in 2012-2013 for hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA), 40 and 60 %, respectively, were obese. Obesity is associated with increased risks for receiving TJA, post-operative complications and delayed functional recovery. Current guidelines for patients with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥30 kg/m(2) are to participate in a weight management programme and to lose weight prior to TJA surgery.

Defining the relationship between average glucose and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.

Aims: To examine the relationship between average glucose (AG) and HbA1c in patients with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: 43 patients with diabetes and CKD (stages 3-5) with stable glycaemic control, and glucose-lowering and erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) doses, were prospectively studied for 3 months and compared to 104 age-matched controls with diabetes, without CKD from the ADAG study. Over 3 months, AG was calculated from 7 to 8 point self-monitored blood glucose measurements (SMBG) and from continuous glucose monitoring (CGMS), and mean HbA1c was calculated from 4 measurements.

Innovation and design of a web-based pain education interprofessional resource.

Introduction: The present article describes educational innovation processes and design of a web-based pain interprofessional resource for prelicensure health science students in universities across Canada. Operationalization of educational theory in design coupled with formative evaluation of design are discussed, along with strategies that support collaborative innovation.

Methods: Educational design was driven by content, theory and evaluation.

The impact of glycaemic control on outcomes in patients with end-stage renal disease and type 2 diabetes.

In Australia and New Zealand the prevalence and incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has increased. In Australia alone the financial burden is estimated to reach $500 million by 2007 (data from the National Chronic Kidney Disease Strategy Workshop Report 2005). The leading cause of ESRD in Australia and New Zealand, and throughout the developed world, is type 2 diabetes, having overtaken glomerulonephritis in 2004.