Assessment of silver nanoparticles' antitumor effects: Insights into cell number, viability, and morphology of glioblastoma and prostate cancer cells.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) hold promise for cancer therapy. This study aimed to evaluate their impact on tumor and non-tumor cell number, viability, and morphology. Antitumor activity was tested on U-87MG (glioblastoma) and DU-145 (prostate cancer) cell lines.

E-AHPBA-ESSO-ESSR Innsbruck consensus guidelines for preoperative liver function assessment before hepatectomy.

Background: Posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality after liver surgery. Standardized assessment of preoperative liver function is crucial to identify patients at risk. These European consensus guidelines provide guidance for preoperative patient assessment.

Defatting of Human Livers During Long-Term e x situ Normothermic Perfusion: Novel Strategy to Rescue Discarded Organs for Transplantation.

Objective: To develop a protocol for the defatting of steatotic liver grafts during long-term ex situ normothermic machine perfusion.

Background: Despite the alarming increase in donor organ shortage, the highly prevalent fatty liver grafts are often discarded due to the risk of primary nonfunction. Effective strategies preventing such outcomes are currently lacking.

Novel Benchmark Values for Open Major Anatomic Liver Resection in Non-cirrhotic Patients: A Multicentric Study of 44 International Expert Centers.

Objective: This study aims at establishing benchmark values for best achievable outcomes following open major anatomic hepatectomy for liver tumors of all dignities.

Background: Outcomes after open major hepatectomies vary widely lacking reference values for comparisons among centers, indications, types of resections, and minimally invasive procedures.

Methods: A standard benchmark methodology was used covering consecutive patients, who underwent open major anatomic hepatectomy from 44 high-volume liver centers from 5 continents over a 5-year period (2016-2020).

The Brescia Internationally Validated European Guidelines on Minimally Invasive Pancreatic Surgery (EGUMIPS).

Objective: To develop and update evidence-based and consensus-based guidelines on laparoscopic and robotic pancreatic surgery.

Summary Background Data: Minimally invasive pancreatic surgery (MIPS), including laparoscopic and robotic surgery, is complex and technically demanding. Minimizing the risk for patients requires stringent, evidence-based guidelines.

Liver Transplantation as a New Standard of Care in Patients With Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma? Results From an International Benchmark Study.

Objective: To define benchmark values for liver transplantation (LT) in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHC) enabling unbiased comparisons.

Background: Transplantation for PHC is used with reluctance in many centers and even contraindicated in several countries. Although benchmark values for LT are available, there is a lack of specific data on LT performed for PHC.

Long-term Normothermic Machine Preservation of Partial Livers: First Experience With 21 Human Hemi-livers.

Objective: The aim of this study was to maintain long-term full function and viability of partial livers perfused ex situ for sufficient duration to enable ex situ treatment, repair, and regeneration.

Background: Organ shortage remains the single most important factor limiting the success of transplantation. Autotransplantation in patients with nonresectable liver tumors is rarely feasible due to insufficient tumor-free remnant tissue.

Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma - Novel Benchmark Values for Surgical and Oncological Outcomes From 24 Expert Centers.

Objective: The aim of this study was to define robust benchmark values for the surgical treatment of perihilar cholangiocarcinomas (PHC) to enable unbiased comparisons.

Background: Despite ongoing efforts, postoperative mortality and morbidity remains high after complex liver surgery for PHC. Benchmark data of best achievable results in surgical PHC treatment are however still lacking.

Choices of Therapeutic Strategies for Colorectal Liver Metastases Among Expert Liver Surgeons: A Throw of the Dice?

Objective: To test the degree of agreement in selecting therapeutic options for patients suffering from colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) among surgical experts around the globe.

Summary/background: Only few areas in medicine have seen so many novel therapeutic options over the past decades as for liver tumors. Significant variations may therefore exist regarding the choices of treatment, even among experts, which may confuse both the medical community and patients.

Modern therapeutic approaches for the treatment of malignant liver tumours.

Malignant liver tumours include a wide range of primary and secondary tumours. Although surgery remains the mainstay of curative treatment, modern therapies integrate a variety of neoadjuvant and adjuvant strategies and have achieved dramatic improvements in survival. Extensive tumour loads, which have traditionally been considered unresectable, are now amenable to curative treatment through systemic conversion chemotherapies followed by a variety of interventions such as augmentation of the healthy liver through portal vein occlusion, staged surgeries or ablation modalities.

Benchmarks in Pancreatic Surgery: A Novel Tool for Unbiased Outcome Comparisons.

Objective: To use the concept of benchmarking to establish robust and standardized outcome references after pancreatico-duodenectomy (PD).

Background: Best achievable results after PD are unknown. Consequently, outcome comparisons among different cohorts, centers or with novel surgical techniques remain speculative.

Hepatic artery occlusion in liver transplantation: What counts more, the type of reconstruction or the severity of the recipient's disease?

Although the type of hepatic artery revascularization technique is known to have an impact on patency rates, independent perioperative risk factors on patient outcomes are poorly defined. All consecutive adult patients undergoing cadaveric liver transplantation (n = 361) from July 2007 to June 2016 in a single institution were analyzed. Primary outcomes were early (<30 days) hepatic artery occlusion and primary hepatic artery patency rate.

Risk Adjustment in ALPPS Is Associated With a Dramatic Decrease in Early Mortality and Morbidity.

Objective: To longitudinally assess whether risk adjustment in Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy (ALPPS) occurred over time and is associated with postoperative outcome.

Background: ALPPS is a novel 2-stage hepatectomy enabling resection of extensive hepatic tumors. ALPPS has been criticized for its high mortality, which is reported beyond accepted standards in liver surgery.

Can immunosuppression be stopped after liver transplantation?

Liver transplantation has improved dramatically over the past three decades, mainly as a result of advances in surgical techniques and management of post-transplant complications. The focus has now turned towards rescuing additional organs in the face of scarce organ supply, or prevention of long-term toxicity associated with immunosuppression. The liver appears to be privileged in terms of immune tolerance, with a low incidence of antibody-mediated rejection, which is in sharp contrast to other solid organ transplants, such as kidney, lung, and heart transplants.

Intraoperative adverse events during irreversible electroporation-a call for caution.

Background: Irreversible electroporation is increasingly used for treatment of solid tumors, but safety data remain scarce. This study aimed to describe intraoperative adverse events associated with irreversible electroporation in patients undergoing solid tumor ablation.

Methods: We analyzed demographic and intraoperative data for patients (n = 43) undergoing irreversible electroporation for hepato-pancreato-biliary and retroperitoneal malignancies (2012 to 2015).

Ablation Strategies for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer.

With the advent of novel and somewhat effective chemotherapy against pancreas cancer, several groups developed a new interest on locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). Unresectable tumors constitute up to 80% of pancreatic cancer (PC) at the time of diagnosis and are associated with a 5-year overall survival of less than 5%. To control those tumors locally, with perhaps improved patients survival, significant advances were made over the last 2 decades in the development of ablation methods including cryoablation, radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, high intensity focused ultrasound and irreversible electroporation (IRE).

First Comparison of Hypothermic Oxygenated PErfusion Versus Static Cold Storage of Human Donation After Cardiac Death Liver Transplants: An International-matched Case Analysis.

Background: Exposure of donor liver grafts to prolonged periods of warm ischemia before procurement causes injuries including intrahepatic cholangiopathy, which may lead to graft loss. Due to unavoidable prolonged ischemic time before procurement in donation after cardiac death (DCD) donation in 1 participating center, each liver graft of this center was pretreated with the new machine perfusion "Hypothermic Oxygenated PErfusion" (HOPE) in an attempt to improve graft quality before implantation.

Methods: HOPE-treated DCD livers (n = 25) were matched and compared with normally preserved (static cold preservation) DCD liver grafts (n = 50) from 2 well-established European programs.

Lymph node dissection in resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review.

Background: Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma is usually unresectable at the time of diagnosis. Only few patients are candidates for a potential curative treatment. For those patients, prognosis is strongly related to negative resection margin and lymph node status.

[Pancreatic cancer- a curable disease].

Pancreatic cancer is the seventh most common cancer in Switzerland associated with a dismal prognosis. Its natural course is fatal with a 3-year survival rate below 3%. Advances in diagnostic tools, tumor staging and multimodal treatment strategies resulted in an improved 5-year survival rate of over 20%.