Risk factors for unsafe events involving a motor vehicle for group riders (cyclists): A naturalistic case-crossover study.

This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with unsafe events involving a motor vehicle, that occurred while group riding (cycling) in Perth, Western Australia. Naturalistic video footage was collected from 52 group riders and unsafe events identified. A case-crossover study was used to compare the road infrastructure and group behavioural characteristics of 108 case sites where unsafe events occurred to 216 control sites where no unsafe events occurred.

Getting back on the bike: Participation in cycling after a hospitalisation crash.

This study firstly aimed to describe bicyclists' return to cycling after a hospitalisation crash. Secondly, it aimed to determine factors associated with reduced cycling post-crash. A study of 83 cyclists hospitalised due to an on-road crash was undertaken in Perth, Western Australia.

Impact of the Rural Intersection Active Warning System (RIAWS) on driver speed: A driving simulator study.

The Rural Intersection Active Warning System (RIAWS) is an innovative road safety treatment designed to slow traffic on major approaches to a high-risk rural intersection when vehicles are turning or crossing into or out of the side roads, thus reducing fatal and serious casualties. A 2 × 2 experimental driving simulation study was undertaken which aimed to determine the impact of signage (RIAWS versus traditional painted) and sign content (80 km/h versus slow down) on drivers' instantaneous speed at rural intersections. The driving simulator assessment was completed by 96 drivers aged between 18 and 80 years with a current WA C class licence (passenger vehicle).

The impact of first- and second-eye cataract surgery on motor vehicle crashes and associated costs.

Objective: to evaluate the association between first- and second-eye cataract surgery and motor vehicle crashes for older drivers and the associated costs to the community.

Design: retrospective population-based cohort study.

Subjects: a total of 2,849 drivers aged 60 years and older who had undergone both first- and second-eye cataract surgery were involved in 3,113 motor vehicle crashes as drivers during the study period.

The impact of first and second eye cataract surgeries on falls: a prospective cohort study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the first and second eye cataract surgeries on the risk of falls in participants with bilateral cataract and to determine which changes in visual measures are associated with changes in the number of falls throughout the cataract surgery process.

Patients And Methods: Fifty-five older adults with bilateral cataract aged 55+ years were assessed at three time points during the cataract surgery process, and they completed a falls diary. Two separate generalized estimating equation-negative binomial models were undertaken to assess changes in the number of falls before first eye cataract surgery, between first and second eye surgeries, and after second eye cataract surgery and which changes in visual measures were associated with changes in the number of falls.

First and second eye cataract surgery and driver self-regulation among older drivers with bilateral cataract: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Driving a car is the most common form of transport among the older population. Common medical conditions such as cataract, increase with age and impact on the ability to drive. To compensate for visual decline, some cataract patients may self-regulate their driving while waiting for cataract surgery.

Do older drivers with bilateral cataract self-regulate their driving while waiting for first eye cataract surgery?

Objectives: To analyze the association between visual impairment and driver self-regulation among a cohort of older drivers waiting for first eye cataract surgery.

Methods: Ninety-six drivers with bilateral cataract aged 55+ years were assessed before first eye cataract surgery. Data collection consisted of a researcher-administered questionnaire, objective visual measures (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and stereopsis), a visual attention test (the useful field of view test) and a cognitive test (the Mini-Mental State Examination).

Risk factors for recurrent injurious falls that require hospitalization for older adults with dementia: a population based study.

Background: Older adults with dementia are at an increased risk of falls, however, little is known about risk factors for recurrent injurious falls (a subsequent fall after the first fall has occurred) among this group. This study aimed to identify risk factors for recurrent injurious falls requiring hospitalization among adults aged 60+ years with dementia.

Methods: This retrospective, whole-population cohort study was conducted using the Western Australian Hospital Morbidity Data System and Western Australian Death Registrations from 2001 to 2013.

Bilateral cataract, crash risk, driving performance, and self-regulation practices among older drivers.

Unlabelled: This comprehensive literature review summarizes published studies examining cataract and cataract surgery and driving outcomes to identify gaps in the literature that require further research. Six electronic databases were searched for articles published up to and including March 2015. Articles were reviewed if they included older drivers with cataract or drivers who had cataract surgery and at least 1 of the following driving outcomes: crash risk, driving self-regulation practices, and driving performance.

Determinants of the occupational environment and heavy vehicle crashes in Western Australia: A case-control study.

Objective: To determine the association between a heavy vehicle driver's work environment, including fatigue-related characteristics, and the risk of a crash in Western Australia.

Methods: This case-control study included 100 long-haul heavy vehicle drivers who were involved in a police-reported crash in WA and 100 long-haul heavy vehicle drivers recruited from WA truck stops, who were not involved in a crash in the previous 12 months. Driver demographics and driving details, work environment, vehicle and sleep-related characteristics were obtained using an interviewer-administered questionnaire.

Obstructive sleep apnea, health-related factors, and long distance heavy vehicle crashes in Western Australia: a case control study.

Study Objectives: To determine the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), health-related factors and the likelihood of heavy vehicle crashes in Western Australia (WA).

Methods: This case-control study included 100 long-haul heavy vehicle drivers who were involved in a police-reported crash in WA during the study period (cases) and 100 long-haul heavy vehicle drivers recruited from WA truck stops, who were not involved in a crash during the past year (controls). Driver demographics, health, and fatigue-related characteristics were obtained using an interviewer administered questionnaire.

Gender differences in recurrent mental health contact after a hospitalization for interpersonal violence: Western Australia, 1997 to 2008.

Interpersonal violence and mental illness are significant public health issues. This study aimed to determine gender differences in risk factors for recurrent mental health contacts after a hospitalization for interpersonal violence in Western Australia between 1997 and 2008. This population-based retrospective cohort study used linked hospital morbidity data and mental health records to identify individuals who were hospitalized due to interpersonal violence and had recurrent mental health contacts following hospitalization.

A longitudinal cohort study of the impact of first- and both-eye cataract surgery on falls and other injuries in Vietnam.

Aim: Little information exists on the impact of cataract surgery on falls and other injuries in Vietnam. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of first and both eye cataract surgery on the number of falls and other injuries among bilateral cataract patients in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Materials And Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted involving 413 bilateral cataract patients aged 50+ years.

Prevalence and visual risk factors for falls in bilateral cataract patients in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of falls in the 12 months prior to cataract surgery and examine the associations between visual and other risk factors and falls among older bilateral cataract patients in Vietnam.

Methods: Data collected from 413 patients in the week before scheduled cataract surgery included a questionnaire and three objective visual tests.

Results: The outcome of interest was self-reported falls in the previous 12 months.

The impact of cataract surgery on vision-related quality of life for bilateral cataract patients in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: a prospective study.

Background: To determine the impact of cataract surgery on vision-related quality of life (VRQOL) and examine the association between objective visual measures and change in VRQOL after surgery among bilateral cataract patients in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Methods: A cohort of older patients with bilateral cataract was assessed one week before and one to three months after first eye or both eye cataract surgery. Visual measures including visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and stereopsis were obtained.

The impact of cataract surgery on depressive symptoms for bilateral cataract patients in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Background: Depression is common among older populations with cataract. However, the impact of cataract surgery on depression in both developed and developing countries remains unclear. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of cataract surgery on depressive symptoms and to examine the association between objective visual measures and change in depressive symptoms after surgery among a Vietnamese population in Ho Chi Minh City.

The impact of first- and second-eye cataract surgery on injurious falls that require hospitalisation: a whole-population study.

Background: cataract is a leading cause of reversible vision impairment and may increase falls in older adults.

Objective: to assess the risk of an injury due to a fall among adults aged 60+, 2 years before first-eye cataract surgery, between first-eye surgery and second-eye surgery and 2 years after second-eye surgery.

Design: a retrospective cohort study.

Vision, quality of life and depressive symptoms after first eye cataract surgery.

Background: Cataract affects not only vision, but also performance of everyday tasks, participation in social activities, quality of life and possibly depression. Depression is a major health issue for older adults. It is estimated that 6%-20% of community-dwelling older Australians experience depression.

Driver self-regulation and depressive symptoms in cataract patients awaiting surgery: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Cataract is an extremely common visual condition of ageing. Evidence suggests that visual impairment influences driving patterns and self-regulatory behavior among older drivers. However, little is known about the psychological effects of driver self-regulation among older drivers.

Which visual measures affect change in driving difficulty after first eye cataract surgery?

Objective: To investigate self-reported driving difficulty before and after first eye cataract surgery and determine which visual measures are associated with changes in self-reported driving difficulty after surgery.

Methods: A cohort of 99 older drivers with bilateral cataract were assessed the week before and 12 weeks after first eye cataract surgery. Visual measures including visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, stereopsis and useful field of view were assessed.

The impact of first eye cataract surgery on mental health contacts for depression and/or anxiety: a population-based study using linked data.

Purpose: Cataract is the leading cause of reversible blindness worldwide, and the incidence of cataract surgery is projected to increase as the population ages. Gaining an understanding of the effects of cataract surgery on a range of health outcomes is important for maintaining the health and safety of older adults.

Methods: A before and after cohort study was conducted using the Western Australian Hospital Morbidity Data System, Mental Health Information System and the Western Australian Death Registry.

First eye cataract surgery and hospitalization from injuries due to a fall: a population-based study.

Objectives: To assess the association between first eye cataract surgery and hospitalization from injuries due to a fall in older adults at the population level.

Design: Retrospective population-based study.

Setting: Western Australian Hospital Morbidity Data System and Western Australian mortality data.

Defining exclusive breastfeeding in Australia.

Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life is recommended as the optimal way to feed infants. This paper reviews the measurement of exclusive breastfeeding in Australian studies over the past 10 years. Only half the studies identified that claimed to measure exclusive breastfeeding used a definition consistent with the World Health Organisation.