Developmental exposure to ethanol or nicotine inhibits the hypercapnic ventilatory response in tadpoles.

Tadpoles, Lithobates (formerly Rana) catesbeiana, were held for 8-12 weeks in pond water that was either teratogen free or contained 0.15% ethanol or 30 microg/L nicotine. The ventilatory and neuroventilatory consequences of these developmental exposures were assessed.