A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Through Lifestyle Interventions in Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes-A Summary of Participant and Intervention Characteristics.

: We aimed to review the effect of lifestyle interventions in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) based on the participants and intervention characteristics. : We systematically searched seven databases for RCTs of lifestyle interventions published up to 24 July 2024. We included 30 studies that reported the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or body weight.

Longer travel times to acute hospitals are associated with lower likelihood of cancer screening receipt among rural-dwelling adults in the U.S. South.

Purpose: Given rural hospitals' role in providing outpatient services, we examined the association between travel burdens and receipt of cancer screening among rural-dwelling adults in the U.S. South region.

The Importance of an Interdisciplinary Approach in the Transition of At-Risk Patients From Hospital to Skilled Nursing Facilities: A Case Report.

Significant gaps exist in the transition of care for patients from acute hospitalization to skilled nursing facilities. Amongst the several well-studied interventions that exist to improve the transition of care, few investigate the efficacy of using an interdisciplinary team (IDT) approach. Here, we report the case of a 78-year-old man with a complicated social situation who had a successful medical and social transition of care from the hospital to the skilled nursing facility (SNF) with an IDT meeting that entailed the collaboration of hospital and SNF physicians and social workers.

Phosphate Binder Impairs Levothyroxine Absorption in a Hypothyroid Patient With End-Stage Renal Disease.

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients have an increased incidence of hypothyroidism, and those with serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels above the reference range have excess mortality, increased cardiovascular disease, impaired health-related quality of life, and altered body composition. We report a patient with ESRD on chronic hemodialysis and Hashimoto's disease, who is on chronic levothyroxine therapy. Despite a high levothyroxine dose of 2.

Asian American Diversity and Representation in the Health Care Workforce, 2007 to 2022.

Importance: Asian American individuals comprise over 40 ethnoracial groups but are regularly aggregated into 1 category within health workforce analysis, thus obscuring substantial inequities in representation.

Objectives: To describe trends in Asian American diversity across the 4 most populous US health professions (physicians, registered nurses, nursing assistants, and home health aides) and to characterize subgroup representation within professions.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Serial cross-sectional study from American Community Survey (ACS) population estimates of people reporting health profession occupations from 2007 to 2022.

The health implications of neighborhood networks based on daily mobility in US cities.

A large body of research has been dedicated to understanding the neighborhood conditions that impact health, which outcomes are affected, and how these associations vary by demographic and socioeconomic neighborhood and individual characteristics. This literature has focused mostly on the neighborhoods in which individuals reside, thus failing to recognize that residents across race/ethnicity and class spend a non-trivial amount of their time in neighborhoods far from their residential settings. To address this gap, we use mobile phone data from the company SafeGraph to compare racial inequality in neighborhood socioeconomic advantage exposure across three scales: the neighborhoods that residents live in, their adjacent neighborhoods, and the neighborhoods that they regularly visit.

Psychological Outcomes in Families of PICU Survivors: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: Pediatric critical illness exposes family members to stressful experiences that may lead to subsequent psychological repercussions.

Objective: To systematically review psychological outcomes among PICU survivors' family members.

Data Sources: Four medical databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and PsycInfo) were searched from inception till October 2023.

Experiences of Leaders in Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in US Academic Health Centers.

Importance: The murder of George Floyd in 2020 spurred an outpouring of calls for racial justice in the United States, including within academic medicine. In response, academic health centers announced new antiracism initiatives and expanded their administrative positions related to diversity, equity, and/or inclusion (DEI).

Objective: To understand the experiences of DEI leaders at US allopathic medical schools and academic health centers, ie, the structure of their role, official and unofficial responsibilities, access to resources, institutional support, and challenges.

Experiences of low-income college students in selection of health insurance, access, and quality of care.

Objective: To understand the experiences and perspectives of low-income University of California undergraduates related to their health insurance options, access to and quality of care.

Participants: 14 undergraduate students across five UC campuses who identified as socioeconomically disadvantaged or low-income.

Methods: We conducted 4 focus groups organized by type of insurance coverage in April 2022.

Lifestyle Interventions to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes in Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis through the Lens of Health Equity.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellites is one of the health problems disproportionally affecting people with low socioeconomic statuses. Gestational diabetes mellites increases the risk of type 2 diabetes by up to ten-fold for women. Lifestyle interventions prevent type 2 diabetes in women with prior gestational diabetes.

A 19-Year-Old With Hemoptysis and Shortness of Breath.

A 19-year-old woman with no medical history who did not use tobacco presented to the hospital with post-COVID-19 cough for 2 months and new onset of shortness of breath and blood-tinged sputum. She was initially treated empirically for community-acquired pneumonia because her chest radiograph showed a right upper lobe infiltrate. Further CT scan imaging revealed a right hilar lymph node conglomerate and extensive lymphadenopathy.

Race, community disadvantage, and cognitive decline: Findings from KHANDLE and STAR.

Introduction: Community disadvantage is associated with late-life cognition. Few studies examine its contribution to racial disparities in cognition/cognitive change.

Methods: Inverse probability weighted models estimated expected mean differences in cognition/cognitive change attributed to residing in less advantaged communities, defined as cohort top quintile of Area Deprivation Indices (ADI): childhood 66-100; adulthood ADI 5-99).

A real-life comparison of hypoglycaemia symptomatology between insulin-treated type 2 diabetes participants with and without impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia.

Aims: We aim to compare and correlate Gold and Clarke questionnaire scores with hypoglycaemic symptomatic responses between insulin-treated type 2 diabetes participants with and without IAH in a real-life study.

Methods: Insulin-treated type 2 diabetes participants attending an outpatient diabetes clinic in Singapore were asked to complete the Gold and Clarke questionnaires, record capillary blood glucose (CBG) and hypoglycaemic symptoms for 4 weeks.

Results: Data were collected from 153 participants (M:F = 98:55) with mean age 61.

Structural Factors and Racial/Ethnic Inequities in Travel Times to Acute Care Hospitals in the Rural US South, 2007-2018.

Unlabelled: Policy Points Policymakers should invest in programs to support rural health systems, with a more targeted focus on spatial accessibility and racial and ethnic equity, not only total supply or nearest facility measures. Health plan network adequacy standards should address spatial access to nearest and second nearest hospital care and incorporate equity standards for Black and Latinx rural communities. Black and Latinx rural residents contend with inequities in spatial access to hospital care, which arise from fundamental structural inequities in spatial allocation of economic opportunity in rural communities of color.

US Medical School Admissions Leaders' Experiences With Barriers to and Advancements in Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion.

Importance: Despite decades-long calls for increasing racial and ethnic diversity, the medical profession continues to exclude members of Black or African American, Hispanic or Latinx, and Indigenous groups.

Objective: To describe US medical school admissions leaders' experiences with barriers to and advances in diversity, equity, and inclusion.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This qualitative study involved key-informant interviews of 39 deans and directors of admission from 37 US allopathic medical schools across the range of student body racial and ethnic composition.

Rural residence across the life course and late-life cognitive decline in KHANDLE: A causal inference study.

Background: Modifiable risks for dementia are more prevalent in rural populations, yet there is a dearth of research examining life course rural residence on late-life cognitive decline.

Methods: The association of rural residence and socioeconomic status (SES) in childhood and adulthood with late-life cognitive domains (verbal episodic memory, executive function, and semantic memory) and cognitive decline in the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences cohort was estimated using marginal structural models with stabilized inverse probability weights.

Results: After adjusting for time-varying SES, the estimated marginal effect of rural residence in childhood was harmful for both executive function ( = -0.

Comparing the pooled cohort equations and coronary artery calcium scores in a symptomatic mixed Asian cohort.

Background: The value of pooled cohort equations (PCE) as a predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) is poorly established among symptomatic patients. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) assessment further improves risk prediction, but non-Western studies are lacking. This study aims to compare PCE and CAC scores within a symptomatic mixed Asian cohort, and to evaluate the incremental value of CAC in predicting MACE, as well as in subgroups based on statin use.

Perceptions of School Climate Shape Adolescent Health Behavior: A Longitudinal Multischool Study.

Background: Adolescent behaviors and academic outcomes are thought to be shaped by school climate. We sought to identify longitudinal associations between school climate measures and downstream health and academic outcomes.

Methods: Data from a longitudinal survey of public high school students in Los Angeles were analyzed.

Potent GCN2 Inhibitor Capable of Reversing MDSC-Driven T Cell Suppression Demonstrates In Vivo Efficacy as a Single Agent and in Combination with Anti-Angiogenesis Therapy.

General control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) protein kinase is a cellular stress sensor within the tumor microenvironment (TME), whose signaling cascade has been proposed to contribute to immune escape in tumors. Herein, we report the discovery of cell-potent GCN2 inhibitors with excellent selectivity against its closely related Integrated Stress Response (ISR) family members heme-regulated inhibitor kinase (HRI), protein kinase R (PKR), and (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), as well as good kinome-wide selectivity and favorable PK. In mice, compound engages GCN2 at levels ≥80% with an oral dose of 15 mg/kg BID.

Doing the Work-or Not: The Promise and Limitations of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in US Medical Schools and Academic Medical Centers.

While the number of positions, committees, and projects described as "Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI)" work has grown rapidly in recent years, there has been little attention to the theory, praxis, or lived experience of this work. In this perspective, we briefly summarize the research and concepts put forth by DEI leaders in higher education more broadly, followed by an analysis of the literature's application to academic medicine. We then discuss the ways in which language obscures the nature of DEI and the necessity of scholarship to evaluate the extensive range of practices, policies, statements, and programs the label is given to.