Bioengineering (Basel)
November 2024
Transcranial focused ultrasound has been studied for non-invasive and localized treatment of many brain diseases. The biggest challenge for focusing ultrasound onto the brain is the skull, which attenuates ultrasound and changes its propagation direction, leading to pressure drop, focus shift, and defocusing. We presented an optimization algorithm which automatically found the optimal location for placing a single-element focused transducer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe identification of neurodevelopmental defects in a patient harboring a heterozygous de novo missense variant (NM_006561.4, c.1517G > A, p.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDuring embryogenesis, neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) proliferate and differentiate to form brain tissues. Here, we show that in the developing murine cerebral cortex, the balance between the NPC maintenance and differentiation is coordinated by ubiquitin signals that control the formation of processing bodies (P-bodies), cytoplasmic membraneless organelles critical for cell state regulation. We find that the deubiquitinase Otud4 and the E3 ligase Trim56 counter-regulate the ubiquitination status of a core P-body protein 4E-T to orchestrate the assembly of P-bodies in NPCs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe cerebral cortex is the most complex structure in the mammalian brain, whose development requires coordinated proliferation of neural stem/precursor cells (NPCs) and their differentiation into neurons and glia. Perturbations in NPC homeostasis can lead to abnormal cortical development which is frequently seen in neurodevelopmental disorders. In this chapter, we describe the preparation of cortical tissues from mice and step-by-step protocol for immunohistochemistry to study cortical development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDirect and indirect/mediated relations of (a) children's and parents' cultural orientations and (b) parent-child gaps in cultural orientations to children's psychological adjustment were examined in a socioeconomically diverse sample of 258 Chinese American children (age = 6-9 years) from immigrant families. Parents reported on children's and their own Chinese and American orientations in language proficiency, media use, and social relationships. Parents and teachers rated children's externalizing and internalizing problems and social competence.
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