Recurrent activity within microcircuits of macaque dorsolateral prefrontal cortex tracks cognitive flexibility.

Human and non-human primate data clearly implicate the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) as critical for advanced cognitive functions . It is thought that intracortical synaptic architectures within dlPFC are the integral neurobiological substrate that gives rise to these processes, including working memory, inferential reasoning, and decision-making . In the prevailing model, each cortical column makes up one fundamental processing unit composed of dense intrinsic connectivity, conceptualized as the 'canonical' cortical microcircuit .

The Reliability of Patient Self-reported Utilization in an Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Learning Health System.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) care is beset with substantial practice variation. Learning health systems (LHSs) aim to learn from this variation and improve quality of care by sharing feedback and improvement strategies within the LHS. Obtaining accurate information on outcomes and quality of care is a priority for LHS, which often includes patients' self-reported data.

A qualitative inquiry into patients' perspectives on individualized priorities for treatment outcomes in inflammatory bowel diseases.

Purpose: Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) experience a variety of symptoms and limitations due to their condition. While many outcome measures are available to assess IBD symptom level and disease activity, individual patients' preferences are usually not accounted for. Individualized outcome measures allow individual patients to select and weigh outcomes based on their relative importance, and have been developed in other medical disciplines.