Genomic Characterization of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Carriage in Patients on Home Parenteral Nutrition and Their Caregivers.

In this prospective study, patients on home parenteral nutrition were twice as likely to be colonized with Staphylococcus aureus if their caregivers were carriers. Among S. aureus-positive patients and their caregivers, molecular analysis showed 68% genetically related strains.

Oral antimicrobial agents in patients with short bowel syndrome: worth a try!

Background: The use of oral antimicrobial agents in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) is challenging due to the changes in gastrointestinal anatomy that may result in diminished absorption and altered drug bioavailability. Prospective studies evaluating bioavailability of antimicrobial agents after oral administration in SBS patients are lacking.

Objectives: To determine the bioavailability of orally administered antimicrobial agents commonly used for treatment in SBS patients to guide clinical decision making when faced with infections.

Randomized clinical trial: Long-term Staphylococcus aureus decolonization in patients on home parenteral nutrition.

Background & Aims: Staphylococcus aureus decolonization has proven successful in prevention of S. aureus infections and is a key strategy to maintain venous access and avoid hospitalization in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN). We aimed to determine the most effective and safe long-term S.

Catheter-related bloodstream infection management in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition: An observational cohort study.

Background And Aims: Patients with intestinal failure receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN) are susceptible to central-line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), with crucial roles for adequate (empiric) antimicrobial therapy and effective catheter management strategies. Our aim was to link recent epidemiologic CLABSI data with clinical outcomes and to identify risk factors for therapeutic failure to decide on the safest and most accurate CLABSI management in patients receiving HPN.

Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted.

Individualizing the use of [F]FDG-PET/CT in patients with complicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: experiences from a tertiary care center.

Purpose: [F]FDG-PET/CT scanning can help detect metastatic infectious foci and reduce mortality in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB), but it is unknown if patients with SAB and an indication for prolonged treatment because of possible endovascular, orthopaedic implant, or other metastatic infection still need [F]FDG-PET/CT.

Methods: In a retrospective single-center cohort study, we included all consecutive adult patients with SAB between 2013 and 2020 if an [F]FDG-PET/CT scan was performed and antibiotic treatment was planned for ≥ 6 weeks prior to [F]FDG-PET/CT. We aimed to identify patients for whom treatment was adjusted due to the results of [F]FDG-PET/CT, and assessed concordance of [F]FDG-PET/CT and clinical diagnosis for infected prosthetic material.

The diagnostic value of [F]FDG-PET/CT in detecting septic thrombosis in patients with central venous catheter-related Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.

Purpose: Septic thrombosis often complicates Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) in patients with a central venous catheter. Currently there is no reference standard for diagnosis. We describe the diagnostic value of [F]FDG-PET/CT imaging in a patient cohort and the potential contribution of quantitative measurements in detecting septic thrombosis.

Comparing success rates in central venous catheter salvage for catheter-related bloodstream infections in adult patients on home parenteral nutrition: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) is a life-threatening complication of parenteral nutrition. Therefore, optimal management, ideally with catheter salvage, is required to maintain long-term venous access.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate successful catheter salvage rates in patients on home parenteral nutrition (HPN).

Intravenous to Oral Switch in Complicated Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Without Endovascular Infection: A Retrospective Single-Center Cohort Study.

In this retrospective cohort study, selected patients with disseminated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, but without endovascular infection on echocardiography and 18F-FDG-PET/CT, were free of relapse after IV-oral switch. Mortality was low and similar to patients who received prolonged intravenous treatment. IV-oral switch was associated with a shorter length of hospital stay.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Bacteremia in Patients Receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition.

Patients on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) are at risk of developing central line-associated infections. Specifically, bacteremia (SAB) is feared for its high complication rates. This prospective cohort study compares characteristics, clinical course and outcome of SAB in patients with and without TPN support.

Eradication of Staphylococcus aureus colonization by chronic use of mupirocin in patients on home parenteral nutrition.

Objectives: Although in other groups Staphylococcus aureus eradication has proven to be an effective infection prevention measure, to our knowledge, no such studies have been performed in patients on home parenteral nutrition (HPN). The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of chronic nasal mupirocin use on S. aureus eradication and prevention of catheter related infections in patients on HPN.

Long-term Staphylococcus aureus decolonization in patients on home parenteral nutrition: study protocol for a randomized multicenter trial.

Background: Patients with long-term intestinal failure are usually treated by means of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) where they administer their nutritional formulation intravenously via a central venous access device (mostly a catheter). This implies that such patients are exposed to a lifelong risk of developing Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB). SAB poses a threat to both catheter and patient survival and may lead to frequent hospitalization and a permanent loss of vascular access.

An adult case with shigellosis-associated encephalopathy.

A 45-year-old man was presented at the emergency department with altered neurological status and a 1-day history of diarrhoea and fever. The patient's sexual history revealed multiple male partners. As bacterial meningitis or viral encephalitis was suspected, treatment was started accordingly.

Update on the Role of Infection and Biofilms in Wound Healing: Pathophysiology and Treatment.

Background: Chronic wounds, and among these infected diabetic foot ulcers, are a worldwide problem. The poor treatment outcomes result in high healthcare costs, amputations, a decreased quality of life, and an increased mortality. These outcomes are influenced by several factors, including biofilm formation.

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in elderly patients with an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate of unknown origin.

Patients with an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and non-specific symptoms often pose a diagnostic dilemma. PET/CT visualises infection, inflammation and malignancy, all of which may cause elevated ESR. The objective of this study was to determine the contribution of 18F-fluorodeoxglucose positron emission tomography (PET/CT) in the diagnostic work-up of referred patients with an elevated ESR, in whom initial routine evaluation did not reveal a diagnosis.

Factors that influence treatment adherence of tuberculosis patients living in Java, Indonesia.

Background And Objective: Due to nonadherence of tuberculosis (TB) patients to treatment, complications may arise and if remaining infectious, these patients may infect other people with TB. To obtain information about factors associated with nonadherence, we performed a study comparing adherent and nonadherent TB patients.

Methods: Adherent and nonadherent patients randomly selected from hospital records in one urban and two rural districts were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires.