Dietary calcium intake among women attending primary care clinics in Wisconsin.

Background: Osteoporosis and related fractures are becoming more prevalent as the population ages. Primary care professionals counsel all women about adequate calcium intake as part of an overall osteoporosis preventive strategy. Population data shows that the average calcium intakes in women are substantially lower than standard recommendations.

Mathematics of forgiveness.

This study was aimed at determining the integration rule--summation or averaging--underlying the forgiveness schema. The main reason for distinguishing between these structures is that they have very different practical implications regarding the influence of various factors specific to each case on the propensity to forgive. In a summative model, the impact of the different factors and the direction of the effects are constant.