Pharmacokinetics and Safety of the Integrase Inhibitors Elvitegravir and Dolutegravir in Pregnant Women With HIV.

To synthesize data on the pharmacokinetics and safety of dolutegravir and elvitegravir in pregnant women living with HIV. A PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar literature search (January 2010 to December 2018) was performed using the search terms *, and . Additional reports were identified from conference abstracts and review of reference lists.

Dolutegravir Dual Therapy as Maintenance Treatment in HIV-Infected Patients: A Review.

Objective: To review available evidence for dolutegravir-based dual therapy as maintenance treatment in HIV-1 infected patients.

Data Sources: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar to the end of January 2018. Conference abstracts and article bibliographies were also reviewed.

Probable interaction between levothyroxine and ritonavir: Case report and literature review.

Purpose: A case of probable interaction of levothyroxine and ritonavir is presented along with a review of the relevant literature and recommendations on clinical management.

Summary: A 37-year-old woman with human immunodeficiency virus infection who had recently undergone thyroidectomy for a benign multinodular goiter presented to a clinic with hypothyroidism (she was also found to be pregnant), and treatment with levothyroxine 75 μg daily was initiated. While receiving antiretroviral therapy (abacavir-lamivudine and lopinavir-ritonavir) during pregnancy, the patient had persistently elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations (up to 125.

HIV outcomes at a Canadian remand centre.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of short-term incarceration on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, virologic suppression, and engagement and retention in community care post-release. Design/methodology/approach A retrospective chart review of patients who attended the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Outreach Clinic at a Canadian remand center between September 2007 and December 2011 was carried out. Data extraction included CD4 lymphocyte count, HIV viral load, ART prescription refills, and community engagement and retention during and one-year pre- and post-incarceration.

What Works and What's Safe in Pediatric Emergency Procedural Sedation: An Overview of Reviews.

Background: Sedation is increasingly used to facilitate procedures on children in emergency departments (EDs). This overview of systematic reviews (SRs) examines the safety and efficacy of sedative agents commonly used for procedural sedation in children in the ED or similar settings.

Methods: We followed standard SR methods: comprehensive search; dual study selection, quality assessment, data extraction.

Discontinuing Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia Prophylaxis in HIV-Infected Patients With a CD4 Cell Count <200 cells/mm3.

Objective: To review the evidence for discontinuing primary and secondary Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) prophylaxis in HIV-infected patients with a CD4 count <200 cells/mm(3).

Data Sources: We conducted a literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and the International Aids Society Library (up to August 2015) using the following key search terms: Pneumocystis jirovecii, pneumonia, human immunodeficiency virus, primary prophylaxis, secondary prophylaxis, and discontinuation.

Study Selection And Data Extraction: All English-language studies that evaluated discontinuation of primary and/or secondary PJP prophylaxis in HIV-infected patients with CD4 count <200 cells/mm(3) were included.

Twelve recommendations for integrating existing systematic reviews into new reviews: EPC guidance.

Objectives: As time and cost constraints in the conduct of systematic reviews increase, the need to consider the use of existing systematic reviews also increases. We developed guidance on the integration of systematic reviews into new reviews.

Methods: A workgroup of methodologists from Evidence-based Practice Centers developed consensus-based recommendations.

Advancing knowledge of rapid reviews: an analysis of results, conclusions and recommendations from published review articles examining rapid reviews.

Background: Rapid review (RR) products are inherently appealing as they are intended to be less time-consuming and resource-intensive than traditional systematic reviews (SRs); however, there is concern about the rigor of methods and reliability of results. In 2013 to 2014, a workgroup comprising representatives from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Evidence-based Practice Center Program conducted a formal evaluation of RRs. This paper summarizes results, conclusions, and recommendations from published review articles examining RRs.

The Use of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Complex Antituberculous and Antiretroviral Drug Dosing in HIV/Tuberculosis-Coinfected Patients.

Unlabelled: We report 2 cases coinfected with HIV and tuberculosis (HIV/TB), requiring drug dose adjustments guided by therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and/or serum drug concentrations.

Case 1: Over the course of the 9-months of TB treatment, drugs that required increased doses due to low concentrations included efavirenz (800 mg), rifampin (900 mg), and isoniazid (450 mg). Higher drug doses were well tolerated until the end of treatment.

Antiretroviral-Related Alopecia in HIV-Infected Patients.

Unlabelled: Objective: To review the literature evaluating antiretroviral-related alopecia and to provide guidance on the differential diagnosis and management of this condition.

Data Sources: A literature search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), and the Cochrane database (through May 2014). Relevant conference abstracts and product monographs were reviewed.

Antiretroviral and Medication Errors in Hospitalized HIV-Positive Patients.

Objective: To summarize the literature regarding antiretroviral and other medication errors in hospitalized HIV-positive patients and to discuss potential interventions and solutions that have been studied to minimize drug error.

Data Sources: A systematic search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE (2000-April 2014) was conducted. Search terms included HIV/AIDS, HAART, hospitalization, patient admission, inpatient, patient transfer, medication error, inappropriate prescribing, drug interaction, drug omission, drug toxicity, and contraindication.

Treatment beliefs, illness perceptions, and non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy in an ethnically diverse patient population.

Background: Ethnic diversity is increasingly encountered in the HIV-infected population in North America, and it is unknown if beliefs surrounding illness and treatment vary among different ethnic groups.

Objective: Our objectives were to determine whether self-reported adherence, illness perceptions and treatment beliefs regarding HIV differ based on ethnicity.

Setting: This study was conducted during outpatient HIV clinic visits between March 1, 2010 and April 30, 2010 at two hospital-based clinics in Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome after intra-articular triamcinolone in a patient receiving ritonavir-boosted darunavir.

Drug interactions involving human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors are common due to their inhibition of the cytochrome P450 3A4 isoenzyme. We describe the case of an HIV-infected patient treated with ritonavir-boosted darunavir who developed cushingoid features following an intra-articular injection of triamcinolone acetate. We review the probable mechanism for this interaction and describe similar cases of Cushing syndrome in patients receiving concomitant ritonavir and triamcinolone.

Overview of reviews in child health: evidence synthesis and the knowledge base for a specific population.

Background: Overviews of reviews are an evolving form of evidence synthesis. The Cochrane Child Health Field has been producing overviews since 2006, during which time the methods that have been used have changed, both due to the development of guidance within The Cochrane Collaboration and to the decisions made by individual author teams. This paper studies the first 29 overviews published in EBCH.

Factors associated with reduced antituberculous serum drug concentrations in patients with HIV-TB coinfection.

We describe correlates of reduced antituberculous serum drug concentrations (SDCs) in HIV-infected patients receiving treatment for active tuberculosis (TB). Cross-sectional analysis of individuals diagnosed with HIV and active TB in Northern Alberta, Canada, was performed. Of the 30 HIV-TB cases, 27 underwent measurement of SDCs.

Overview of Reviews The prevention of eczema in infants and children: an overview of Cochrane and non-Cochrane reviews.

BACKGROUND: Eczema is the most common inflammatory skin disease of childhood, characterized by an itchy red rash that usually involves the face and skin folds. There is currently no curative treatment for eczema, so the reduction of eczema incidence through disease prevention is a desirable goal. Potential interventions for preventing eczema include exclusive breastfeeding, hydrolysed protein formulas and soy formulas when bottle feeding, maternal antigen avoidance, omega oil supplementation, prebiotics and probiotics.

The evaluation of an evidence-based clinical answer format for pediatricians.

Background: Clinicians are increasingly using electronic sources of evidence to support clinical decision-making; however, there are multiple demands on clinician time, and summarised and synthesised evidence is needed. Clinical Answers (CA) have been developed to address this need; the CA is a synthesised evidence-based summary that supports point-of-care clinical decision-making. The aim of this paper is to report on a survey used to test and improve the CA format.