Botox injections with and without general anesthesia for pediatric sialorrhea: A cost, efficacy, and safety analysis.

Objective: Ultrasound-guided salivary gland Botulinum toxin A (Botox) injections are often used in pediatric patients with refractory sialorrhea, performed with or without general anesthesia. This study aims to compare outcomes and costs between these methods.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Geographic, Sociodemographic, and Clinical Factors Associated With Parental Self-Efficacy in Pediatric Patients With Hearing Loss.

Objective: To identify geographic, sociodemographic, and clinical factors associated with parental self-efficacy in a diverse cohort of deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) children.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Tertiary children's hospital.

Differences in Hearing Devices and Speech Therapy Utilization Between Children With Permanent Unilateral Versus Bilateral Hearing Loss.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to describe differences in diagnosis and both auditory and speech/language intervention utilization between children with permanent unilateral hearing loss as compared with bilateral hearing loss.

Design: A retrospective cohort study was performed of children evaluated in a multidisciplinary hearing loss clinic at a tertiary care pediatric hospital. Children aged 0 to 18 years with either permanent unilateral or bilateral hearing loss were included.

Understanding Barriers to Timely Diagnosis and Intervention Among Immigrant Children With Hearing Loss.

Objective: Identify the age at diagnosis and intervention of immigrant and/or non-English-speaking children with hearing loss (HL) and risk factors associated with delays. Identify barriers for non-English-speaking caregivers of deaf/hard-of-hearing children.

Study Design: Sequential mixed methods.

Impact of Genetic Testing on Hearing Interventions.

Objective: Clinical guidelines recommend genetic testing when evaluating congenital and late-onset sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Genetic diagnoses can provide parents additional information regarding anticipated hearing loss progression, comorbid conditions, and family planning. Additionally, obtaining a genetic diagnosis may increase parental acceptance of hearing loss and subsequent pursuit of intervention.

Age related changes in gait variability, asymmetry, and bilateral coordination - When does deterioration starts?

Background: Gait pattern coordination is affected by several factors (e.g., neurodegeneration), while aging is known to have a significant negative impact.

Disparities in Speech and Language Delay Among Children With Aural Atresia.

Objective: To describe risk factors for speech and language delay in a diverse population of children with aural atresia.

Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed from 2012 to 2020 at UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital to identify children with aural atresia evaluated for speech, language, or auditory skills delays. Ninety-five children with aural atresia, conductive hearing loss, and assessment of speech, language, or auditory skills delay were included.

Early surgical and audiologic outcomes of active, transcutaneous, osseointegrated bone-conduction hearing device (Osia 2® system) placement.

Objective: To assess the outcomes of pediatric Osia 2® System placements.

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of primary and revision Osia 2® System surgical cases at two tertiary academic children's hospitals. Operative details and post-operative surgical and audiologic outcomes were recorded.

Racial and ethnic disparities in diagnostic efficacy of comprehensive genetic testing for sensorineural hearing loss.

Understanding racial and ethnic disparities in diagnostic rates of genetic testing is critical for health equity. We sought to understand the extent and cause of racial and ethnic disparities in diagnostic efficacy of comprehensive genetic testing (CGT) for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). We performed a retrospective cohort study at two tertiary children's hospitals on a diverse cohort of 240 consecutive pediatric patients (76% publicly insured, 82% non-White) with SNHL of unknown etiology who underwent CGT.

Racial and ethnic disparities in genetic testing for hearing loss: a systematic review and synthesis.

Racial/ethnic disparities in the diagnostic efficacy of genetic testing for hearing loss have been described. These disparities may relate to differences in variant classification between different racial/ethnic groups, which may, in turn, derive from disparate representation of these groups in the published literature. We sought to quantify racial/ethnic disparities in the published literature on the human genetics of hearing loss.

Access Challenge Index: A Novel Disparity Measure Predictive of Language Outcomes in Children Who Are Deaf/Hard of Hearing.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of demographic disparities on language outcomes in a diverse group of children who are deaf or hard of hearing.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital (a tertiary care center).