The school nurse role in preparing for sudden cardiac arrest in the school setting.

Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) were introduced for first responders in 1992 to manage adult cardiac arrest and are now common in many public places. Today AEDs are capable of shocking children under 8 years of age, or less than 55 pounds. This presents a challenge for school nurses, particularly as the prevalence of chronic medical conditions of school children continues to increase.

Managing the student with severe food allergies.

School nurses play a key role in managing students with food allergies. It is becoming more common to encounter students with severe allergies to multiple foods, putting them at risk for anaphylaxis. It is essential that the school nurse have a clear understanding of food allergies and how to effectively manage students in the school setting.

Managing encopresis in the elementary school setting: the school nurse's role.

Encopresis is a medical condition that is associated with incontinence in children. It leads to frustration and anxiety in both parents and children due to the presenting symptoms and the inability to control elimination patterns. There is overwhelming concern among families that a child with encopresis will be ostracized from peers and will suffer long-term psychological effects.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder in school-age children.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by disturbing thoughts, impulses, or images (obsessions); repetitive or ritualistic behaviors (compulsions); or the presence of both. Although some may believe this disorder is isolated to the adult population, it affects anywhere from 1% to 4% of children in the United States. However, symptom presentation of this psychiatric condition may be different in the pediatric population.

Is Acanthosis Nigricans a reliable indicator for risk of type 2 diabetes?

Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a thickening and hyperpigmentation of the skin commonly found on the neck, axilla, or groin and is generally caused by hyperinsulinemia, a consequence of insulin resistance associated with obesity. Insulin resistance is a primary risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension. Screening for acanthosis nigricans is controversial and not recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; however, some states, such as Texas, are implementing AN screenings in schools to identify those children who are at highest risk for developing type 2 diabetes.

Medication administration practices in Pennsylvania schools.

As a result of various health concerns, children are receiving an increased number of medications while at school. In Pennsylvania, the School Code mandates a ratio of 1 certified school nurse to 1,500 students, which may mean that 1 school nurse is covering 3-5 buildings. This implies that unlicensed personnel are administering medications, a violation of licensing laws in Pennsylvania.