Publications by authors named "Michelle Eder"
Importance: An estimated 12.8% of US households experienced food insecurity in 2022.
Objective: To review the evidence on benefits and harms of screening and interventions for food insecurity in health care settings.
Article Synopsis
- Interventions targeting social needs like low income and housing instability are becoming more common in healthcare, but evidence on how to effectively implement these interventions on a larger scale is scarce.
- The objective of the study was to evaluate the intensity and complexity of social needs interventions in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and to determine if these trials measure the interventions' causal effects on health outcomes.
- The review found 77 relevant RCTs involving over 135,000 participants, with most studies showing high intensity and complexity features, indicating a need for more thorough evaluation of their impacts.
Gram-negative bacteria from the group are survivors in various environmental niches. For example, the bacteria secrete siderophores to capture ferric ions under deficiency conditions. Tripartite efflux systems are involved in the secretion of siderophores, which are also important for antibiotic resistance.
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- Tripartite efflux systems, like PvdRT-OpmQ, play a role in transporting substances and contributing to antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria.
- PvdT and PvdR are key components of the PvdRT system in Pseudomonas putida KT2440, with PvdT exhibiting ATPase activity boosted by PvdR.
- The study offers the first biochemical proof of direct interactions between the substrate pyoverdine and the PvdRT system.
Article Synopsis
- MxtR/ErdR is a two-component regulatory system that influences acetate utilization in bacteria, specifically studied in Pseudomonas putida KT2440.
- Deletion and complementation experiments were conducted on specific genes (pp_0154, pp_0354, pp_0353) to analyze their roles in growth with different carbon sources, revealing pp_0154's importance for survival under high acetate concentrations.
- The study expands understanding of the MxtR/ErdR system by identifying its target genes and their roles in carbon metabolism, indicating that certain genes significantly impact the use of pyruvate as an energy source.
This methods project was conducted to support the US Preventive Services Task Force's (USPSTF) consideration of how information pertinent to shared decision making (SDM) can be best communicated in its recommendations. The project included a literature scan to identify SDM frameworks, audit of six USPSTF recommendations to judge the completeness of SDM communication, input from eight SDM experts on the most helpful SDM guidance to provide in USPSTF recommendations, and review of USPSTF recommendations and evidence reports to establish criteria for identifying topics that would most benefit from additional communication resources. We identified eight SDM frameworks and selected one to guide the audit of USPSTF recommendations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: Evidence-based guidance is limited on how clinicians should screen for social risk factors and which interventions related to these risk factors improve health outcomes.
Objective: To describe research on screening and interventions for social risk factors to inform US Preventive Services Task Force considerations of the implications for its portfolio of recommendations.
Data Sources: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid MEDLINE, Sociological Abstracts, and Social Services Abstracts (through 2018); Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network evidence library (January 2019 through May 2021); surveillance through May 21, 2021; interviews with 17 key informants.
Article Synopsis
- Histidine is crucial for the growth of γ-proteobacteria like Pseudomonas putida and plays a role in bacteria-host interactions.
- The hutT gene, part of the histidine utilization operon, encodes a transporter that is vital for histidine uptake in this soil bacterium.
- Research shows that HutT operates as a high-affinity histidine:proton symporter, meaning it efficiently transports histidine along with protons, and specific amino acids are essential for its function.
The CbrA/CbrB system is a two-component signal transduction system known to participate in the regulation of the cellular carbon/nitrogen balance and to play a central role in carbon catabolite repression in Pseudomonas species. CbrA is composed of a domain with similarity to proteins of the solute/sodium symporter family (SLC5) and domains typically found in bacterial sensor kinases. Here, the functional properties of the sensor kinase CbrA and its domains are analyzed at the molecular level using the system of the soil bacterium P.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: The incidence of syphilis and congenital syphilis in the United States has increased after reaching historic lows in the early 2000s.
Objective: To systematically review literature on the effectiveness and harms of screening for syphilis in pregnancy and the harms of penicillin treatment in pregnancy to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force.
Data Sources: MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for relevant English-language literature, published from January 1, 2008, to June 2, 2017.
Rapid review products are intended to synthesize available evidence in a timely fashion while still meeting the needs of healthcare decision makers. Various methods and products have been applied for rapid evidence syntheses, but no single approach has been uniformly adopted. Methods to gain efficiency and compress the review time period include focusing on a narrow clinical topic and key questions; limiting the literature search; performing single (versus dual) screening of abstracts and full-text articles for relevance; and limiting the analysis and synthesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: Obesity is common in children and adolescents in the United States, is associated with negative health effects, and increases the likelihood of obesity in adulthood.
Objective: To systematically review the benefits and harms of screening and treatment for obesity and overweight in children and adolescents to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force.
Data Sources: MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Collaboration Registry of Controlled Trials, and the Education Resources Information Center through January 22, 2016; references of relevant publications; government websites.
Background: Guideline developers and other users of systematic reviews need information about whether a medical or preventive intervention is likely to benefit or harm some patients more (or less) than the average in order to make clinical practice recommendations tailored to these populations. However, guidance is lacking on how to include patient subpopulation considerations into the systematic reviews upon which guidelines are often based. In this article, we describe methods developed to consistently consider the evidence for relevant subpopulations in systematic reviews conducted to support primary care clinical preventive service recommendations made by the U.
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- Screening programs have significantly reduced cervical cancer rates, but newer methods like liquid-based cytology (LBC) and high-risk HPV tests may improve detection further.
- A systematic review analyzed studies from 2000 to 2010 comparing these newer screening techniques to traditional cytology in developed countries, focusing on test performance and any associated harms.
- Findings indicated that while LBC had similar sensitivity and specificity to conventional methods, HPV screening was more sensitive for detecting severe cervical lesions but less specific, especially in women over 30, suggesting benefits may depend on the testing approach used.
Article Synopsis
- The review evaluates when cervical cancer screening should start and stop, highlighting that screening may not be useful for women under 20 due to low detection rates and many false positives.
- It discusses the adverse effects of treatments for cervical lesions and that many early-stage HPV infections can resolve on their own, suggesting screening in younger women may actually do more harm.
- For women aged 65 and older, the evidence shows that those who’ve been adequately screened may not need further screenings, and efforts should focus on those who haven't been screened properly.
Background: More than 2 million cases of skin cancer are diagnosed annually in the United States, and melanoma incidence is increasing.
Purpose: To assist the U.S.
Background: Research on parental understanding of informed consent for pediatric randomized clinical trials (RCTs) has highlighted weaknesses in understanding of key aspects of informed consent. The goals of the current study were to assess the feasibility of and parental satisfaction with a video intervention to improve informed consent for pediatric leukemia RCTs and to compare parental question asking during informed consent conferences (ICCs) for parents in the current study with historical control data.
Procedure: A 20-min video was produced.
Objective: This article discusses the identification, selection, and refinement of topics for comparative effectiveness systematic reviews within the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Effective Health Care (EHC) program.
Study Design And Setting: The EHC program seeks to align its research topic selection with the overall goals of the program, impartially and consistently apply predefined criteria to potential topics, involve stakeholders to identify high-priority topics, be transparent and accountable, and continually evaluate and improve processes.
Results: A topic prioritization group representing stakeholder and scientific perspectives evaluates topic nominations that fit within the EHC program (are "appropriate") to determine how "important" topics are as considered against seven criteria.