Tilted optic discs visualized by magnetic resonance imaging.

A young woman with headaches displayed ophthalmoscopic features suggestive of papilledema. MRI showed no intracranial abnormalities but demonstrated oblique insertion of the optic nerve into the left globe and posterior nasal flattening of the left globe, features consistent with congenitally tilted optic discs. This is the second report to show that orbital MRI can demonstrate this phenomenon.

Screening for proteinuria in US adults: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

Context: Chronic kidney disease is a growing public health problem. Screening for early identification could improve health but could also lead to unnecessary harms and excess costs.

Objective: To assess the value of periodic, population-based dipstick screening for early detection of urine protein in adults with neither hypertension nor diabetes and in adults with hypertension.

Leukocytosis, hypoalbuminemia, and the risk for chronic kidney disease in US adults.

Background: Atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) share several common antecedents. However, the association between inflammatory markers and incident CKD is unknown.

Methods: We determined risk for incident CKD, defined by treatment for kidney failure or death related to kidney disease, in 9,250 US adults aged 30 to 74 years who participated in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II), a nationally representative prospective cohort study with 17 years of follow-up.

Receipt of renal replacement therapy in the United States: a population-based study of sociodemographic disparities from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II).

Background: Persons with chronic kidney disease who need kidney replacement therapy to sustain life have health insurance. We examined whether young adults, women, blacks, less-educated persons, the poor, and persons residing in less populated areas receive treatment when health insurance is no longer a barrier.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study nested in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Mortality Study.

Lifestyle factors, obesity and the risk of chronic kidney disease.

Background: Some lifestyle behaviors and obesity are risk factors for vascular disease, but their relation to kidney disease is uncertain.

Methods: To determine whether physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol drinking and obesity are associated with the risk of chronic kidney disease, we examined data from a nonconcurrent cohort study of 9,082 U.S.

Excess risk of chronic kidney disease among African-American versus white subjects in the United States: a population-based study of potential explanatory factors.

African Americans experience higher rates of chronic kidney disease (CKD) than do whites. It was hypothesized that racial differences in modifiable factors would account for much of the excess risk of CKD. A cohort study of 9082 African-American and white adults of age 30 to 74 yr, who participated in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 1976 to 1980 and were monitored for vital status through 1992 in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Mortality Study, was conducted.