Cardiopulmonary effects of phosphine poisoning: A preliminary evaluation of milrinone.

Exposure to phosphine (PH) presents with a host of diverse, non-specific symptoms that span multiple organ systems and is characterized by a high mortality rate. While a comprehensive mechanism for PH poisoning remains inconclusive, prior studies have implicated cardiac failure and circulatory compromise as potential pathways central to PH-induced mortality. In this study, milrinone (MLR), a phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor used to treat cardiac failure, was investigated as a potential countermeasure for PH poisoning.

A sex-balanced rodent model for evaluating phosphine inhalation toxicity.

Exposure to phosphine (PH ), a common grain fumigant, is characterized by diverse nonspecific symptoms and a high mortality rate. Although PH poisoning is thought to target oxidative respiration, the exact mechanism of action remains largely unknown, resulting in limited treatment options. In our study, the effects of PH on female rats were assessed to elucidate potential sex-specific differences and obtain a more comprehensive understanding of PH toxicity.

Changes in murine respiratory dynamics induced by aerosolized carfentanil inhalation: Efficacy of naloxone and naltrexone.

Carfentanil (CRF) is an extremely potent opioid capable of inducing fatal respiratory depression. Naloxone (NX) and naltrexone (NTX) are opioid antagonists for which the efficacy against CRF remains largely unexplored. In this study, the effects of aerosolized CRF on respiratory function were investigated using adult male CD-1 mice.