Individuals with patellofemoral pain have impaired self-reported and performance-based function: Systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Objective: To determine impairments on self-reported/performance-based function in individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP) as well as physical and non-physical factors potentially related with these impairments.

Data Sources: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus databases from inception until January 2024.

Study Selection: We included studies comparing self-reported/performance-based measures of function between individuals with PFP and their pain-free limbs or pain-free individuals.

Lower Extremity Muscle Volume in Unilateral and Bilateral Patellofemoral Pain: A Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study Including Superficial and Deep Muscles.

Context: Existing patellofemoral pain (PFP) literature has primarily been focused on quadriceps muscle volume, with limited attention given to the deep and superficial muscle volume of the lower limbs in individuals with unilateral and bilateral PFP. In this paper, we aim to fill this gap.

Objective: To explore superficial and deep lower extremity muscle volume in women with unilateral or bilateral PFP compared with a normative database of pain-free women.

Group- and sex-related differences in psychological and pain processing factors in people with and without patellofemoral pain: correlation with clinical outcomes.

Background: People with patellofemoral pain (PFP) exhibit impaired psychological and pain processing factors (i.e., kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing and pressure pain thresholds [PPTs]).

Strength Training Rehabilitation Incorporating Power Exercises (STRIPE) for individuals with patellofemoral pain: a randomised controlled trial protocol.

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a chronic condition that presents with patellar pain during various daily and recreational activities. Individuals with PFP have a wide range of impairments that result in long-term disability and reduced quality of life. Current interventions target hip muscle weakness with strength-based exercises, but recurrence rates are as high as 90%.

Pain severity during functional activities in individuals with patellofemoral pain: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Objectives: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common lower extremity condition that results in pain during functional tasks. Currently, it is unknown the extent to which differences in pain levels exist in individuals with PFP compared to asymptomatic controls during functional task and if pain differ across various functional tasks. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate pain levels between individuals with PFP and asymptomatic controls and compare pain severity across various functional tasks.

Anterior Knee Pain Risk in Male and Female Military Tactical Athletes.

Context: Anterior knee pain (AKP) is ubiquitous in early career military members and exacerbated during functional tasks required during military duties. Therefore, it is important to understand the risk of this condition among male and female tactical athletes in diverse military occupations.

Objective: To assess sex and occupation with respect to the AKP risk in military members.

In Vivo Compositional Changes in the Articular Cartilage of the Patellofemoral Joint Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Objective: To compare T1ρ relaxation times of the medial and lateral regions of the patella and femoral trochlea at 6 and 12 months following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) on the ACLR and contralateral extremity. Greater T1ρ relaxation times are associated with a lower proteoglycan density of articular cartilage.

Methods: This study involved 20 individuals (11 males, 9 females; mean ± SD age 22 ± 3.

Distance running stride-to-stride variability for sagittal plane joint angles.

Recent research indicates that distance running stride-to-stride variability (SSV) is related to performance and injury. Previous studies have primarily focused on stride characteristics (stride length and time). We assessed SSV for sagittal plane joint angles with the primary purpose of testing for significant differences among the lower body joints.

Gender-Specific Risk Factor Profiles for Patellofemoral Pain.

Objective: To determine the association between selected biomechanical variables and risk of patellofemoral pain (PFP) in males and females.

Design: Prospective cohort.

Setting: US Service Academies.

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Management of Individuals With Patellofemoral Pain.

Objective:: To present recommendations for athletic trainers and other health care providers regarding the identification of risk factors for and management of individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP).

Background:: Patellofemoral pain is one of the most common knee diagnoses; however, this condition continues to be one of the most challenging to manage. Recent evidence has suggested that certain risk factors may contribute to the development of PFP.

Y-balance test performance and BMI are associated with ankle sprain injury in collegiate male athletes.

Objectives: To determine if static balance, dynamic balance, ankle range of motion, body mass index (BMI), or history of an ankle sprain were associated with ankle sprain injuries within male and female collegiate athletes.

Design: Prospective cohort.

Methods: Three hundred and eighty-four male (age=19.

Longitudinal Changes in Hip Strength and Range of Motion in Female Youth Soccer Players: Implications for ACL Injury, A Pilot Study.

Context: Risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in young female athletes increases with age, appearing to peak during maturation. Changes in hip muscle strength and range of motion (ROM) during this time may contribute to altered dynamic movement patterns that are known to increase risk of ACL injuries. Understanding the longitudinal changes in hip strength and ROM is needed to develop appropriate interventions to reduce the risk of ACL injuries.

Maturation and Sex Differences in Neuromuscular Characteristics of Youth Athletes.

Understanding how neuromuscular factors that are associated with lower extremity injury risk, such as landing kinematics, muscle strength, and flexibility, change as children mature may enhance age-specific recommendations for injury prevention programs. The purpose of this study was to compare these factors in prepubertal, pubertal, and postpubertal male and female athletes. Subjects were classified on maturation stage (prepubertal: 16 males, 15 females, age: 9 ± 1 years; pubertal: 13 males, 12 females, age: 12 ± 3 years; postpubertal: 30 males, 27 females, age: 16 ± 2 years).

Ankle Dorsiflexion Displacement During Landing is Associated With Initial Contact Kinematics but not Joint Displacement.

The ankle, knee, and hip joints work together in the sagittal plane to absorb landing forces. Reduced sagittal plane motion at the ankle may alter landing strategies at the knee and hip, potentially increasing injury risk; however, no studies have examined the kinematic relationships between the joints during jump landings. Healthy adults (N = 30; 15 male, 15 female) performed jump landings onto a force plate while three-dimensional kinematic data were collected.

Relationship between hip strength and trunk, hip, and knee kinematics during a jump-landing task in individuals with patellofemoral pain.

Background/purpose: Decreased strength of the hip musculature and altered mechanics of the lower extremity have been identified in individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP). The aim of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between hip muscle strength and transverse and frontal plane motion at the hip and knee, and ipsilateral trunk flexion during a jump-landing task in individuals with PFP.

Methods: Fifteen individuals (10 females, 5 males) with PFP participated in this investigation.

Various methods for assessing static lower extremity alignment: implications for prospective risk-factor screenings.

Context: Accurate, efficient, and reliable measurement methods are essential to prospectively identify risk factors for knee injuries in large cohorts.

Objective: To determine tester reliability using digital photographs for the measurement of static lower extremity alignment (LEA) and whether values quantified with an electromagnetic motion-tracking system are in agreement with those quantified with clinical methods and digital photographs.

Design: Descriptive laboratory study.

Lower extremity muscle activation and knee flexion during a jump-landing task.

Context: Decreased sagittal-plane motion at the knee during dynamic tasks has been reported to increase impact forces during landing, potentially leading to knee injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament rupture.

Objective: To describe the relationship between lower extremity muscle activity and knee-flexion angle during a jump-landing task.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Effect of limiting ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion on lower extremity kinematics and muscle-activation patterns during a squat.

Context: Limitations in gastrocnemius/soleus flexibility that restrict ankle dorsiflexion during dynamic tasks have been reported in individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP) and are theorized to play a role in its development.

Objective: To determine the effect of restricted ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) on lower extremity kinematics and muscle activity (EMG) during a squat. The authors hypothesized that restricted ankle-dorsiflexion ROM would alter knee kinematics and lower extremity EMG during a squat.

An update for the conservative management of patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review of the literature from 2000 to 2010.

Purpose/background: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common and clinically challenging knee pathologies. Historically, clinicians have used a myriad of interventions, many of which have benefited some but not all patients. Suboptimal outcomes may reflect the need for an evidence-based approach for the treatment of PFPS.

Reliability of the landing error scoring system-real time, a clinical assessment tool of jump-landing biomechanics.

Context: There is a need for reliable clinical assessment tools that can be used to identify individuals who may be at risk for injury. The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) is a reliable and valid clinical assessment tool that was developed to identify individuals at risk for lower extremity injuries. One limitation of this tool is that it cannot be assessed in real time and requires the use of video cameras.

A prospective investigation of biomechanical risk factors for patellofemoral pain syndrome: the Joint Undertaking to Monitor and Prevent ACL Injury (JUMP-ACL) cohort.

Background: Patellofemoral pain syndrome is one of the most common chronic knee injuries; however, little research has been done to determine the risk factors for this injury.

Hypothesis: Altered lower extremity kinematics and kinetics, decreased strength, and altered postural measurements will be risk factors.

Study Design: Cohort study (prognosis); Level of evidence, 2.

The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) Is a valid and reliable clinical assessment tool of jump-landing biomechanics: The JUMP-ACL study.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament injuries are common in athletes and have serious sequelae. A valid clinical tool that reliably identifies individuals at an increased risk for ACL injury would be highly useful for screening sports teams, because individuals identified as "high-risk" could then be provided with intensive prevention programs.

Hypothesis: A clinical screening tool (the Landing Error Scoring System, or LESS) will reliably identify subjects with potentially high-risk biomechanics.

Relationships between lower extremity alignment and the quadriceps angle.

Objective: To determine the extent to which select lower extremity alignment characteristics of the pelvis, hip, knee, and foot are related to the Q angle.

Design: Descriptive cohort study design.

Setting: Applied Neuromechanics Research Laboratory.

Concentric and eccentric torque of the hip musculature in individuals with and without patellofemoral pain.

Context: Individuals suffering from patellofemoral pain have previously been reported to have decreased isometric strength of the hip musculature; however, no researchers have investigated concentric and eccentric torque of the hip musculature in individuals with patellofemoral pain.

Objective: To compare concentric and eccentric torque of the hip musculature in individuals with and without patellofemoral pain.

Design: Case control.

The relationship between anterior tibial shear force during a jump landing task and quadriceps and hamstring strength.

Background: Eccentric quadriceps contraction during landing and the resulting anterior tibial shear force are anterior cruciate ligament injury risk factors, while hamstring contraction limits anterior cruciate ligament loading. Anterior tibial shear force is derived from quadriceps and hamstring co-contraction, and a greater quadriceps/hamstring strength ratio has been associated with heightened lower extremity injury risk. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate relationships between anterior tibial shear force during landing and quadriceps and hamstring strength.