Breastfeeding and Protein Intake Influence Body Mass Index from 2 Months to 22 Years in the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey.

Background: Protein intake (PI) may alter adiposity but few studies have explored the age-specific associations of PI with body mass index (BMI).

Objective: We analyzed how PI and breastfeeding relate to BMI in the CLHNS (Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey), an observational Filipino birth cohort (1983-2005).

Methods: Random-effects longitudinal regression models estimated the association of daily breastfeeding frequency and energy-adjusted PI residuals with concurrent BMI z scores (zBMI) measured bimonthly from 2 to 24 mo (n = 2899), and the association of breastfeeding history and PI residuals with concurrent BMI using 5 surveys from 2 to 22 y (n = 2435).

A study of the combined effects of physical activity and air pollution on mortality in elderly urban residents: the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Cohort.

Background: Physical activity reduces, whereas exposure to air pollution increases, the risk of premature mortality. Physical activity amplifies respiratory uptake and deposition of air pollutants in the lung, which may augment acute harmful effects of air pollution during exercise.

Objectives: We aimed to examine whether benefits of physical activity on mortality are moderated by long-term exposure to high air pollution levels in an urban setting.