A comparison of static and dynamic hazard perception tests.

Hazard perception is a vital component to safe driving and hazard perception tests (HPTs) are being used with greater frequency for driver training, assessment and licensure. In this study, we compared a dynamic HPT (Scialfa et al., 2011), which presents short video scenes to observers and a static HPT (Scialfa et al.

The effects of driving experience on responses to a static hazard perception test.

Novice drivers exhibit deficits in hazard perception that are likely to increase their risk of collisions. We developed a static hazard perception test that presents still images to observers and requires them to indicate the presence of a traffic conflict that would lead to a collision. Responses to these scenes were obtained for young adult novice (N=29) and experienced drivers (N=27).

A hazard perception test for novice drivers.

We developed a hazard perception test, modeled on that used currently in several Australian states, that presents short video scenes to observers and requires them to indicate the presence of a traffic conflict that would lead to a collision between the "camera" vehicle and another road user. After eliminating those scenes that were problematic (e.g.

Postmenopausal hormone therapy increases retinal blood flow and protects the retinal nerve fiber layer.

Purpose: To investigate whether postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) increases retinal and ONH blood flow (BF) and protects ONH topography and the function of retinal ganglion cells in postmenopausal women (PMW). The effect of estradiol (E(2)) treatment on retinal tissue perfusion was also investigated in ovariectomized rats, an animal model for menopause.

Methods: Sixty-four healthy PMW were recruited, 29 of whom never used HT ( HT) and 35 of whom had used HT (+HT) continuously since the onset of menopause.

Quantitative and regional measurement of retinal blood flow in rats using N-isopropyl-p-[14C]-iodoamphetamine ([14C]-IMP).

Quantitative and regional measurement of retinal blood flow in rodents is of prime interest for the investigation of regulatory mechanisms of ocular circulation in physiological and pathological conditions. In this study, a quantitative autoradiographic method using N-isopropyl-p-(14)C-iodoamphetamine ([(14)C]-IMP), a diffusible radioactive tracer, was evaluated for its ability to detect changes in retinal blood perfusion during hypercapnia. Findings were compared to cerebral blood flow values measured simultaneously.

The effects of systemic medications on ocular blood flow.

This article reviews the effects of systemic medications and some native vasoactive molecules on ocular blood flow (OBF). Some evidence exists for a positive effect of centrally acting calcium-channel blockers, nitric oxide precursors, adenosine, histamine, estrogens, and ginkgo biloba extract, while evidence for a negative effect on OBF exists for endothelin-1 and indomethacin. Some other molecules appear to have mixed effects, depending on the ocular vascular bed studied or the study protocol.

Photorefractive keratectomy in children.

Purpose: To evaluate photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in pediatric patients who fail traditional methods of treatment for myopic anisometropic amblyopia and high myopia.

Setting: Nonhospital surgical facility with follow-up in a hospital clinic setting.

Methods: Photorefractive keratectomy was performed in 40 eyes of 27 patients.