Ambient temperature and deaths from homicide in Brazil during 2010-2019: A nationwide space-time-stratified case-crossover study.

Research Question: Previous evidence suggests a positive association between temperature and homicide, but the association was less clear in Brazil where homicide is one of the leading causes of death. This study aimed to quantify the association between ambient daily temperature and homicides in Brazil with potential lag effects and to quantify the temperature attributed fractions of homicides in Brazil.

Methods: A space-time-stratified case-crossover design with distributed lag models was used to evaluate the temperature-homicide association from 1·1·2010 to 31·12·2019 in Brazil.

Global, regional, and national mortality burden attributable to air pollution from landscape fires: a health impact assessment study.

Background: Landscape fire-sourced (LFS) air pollution is an increasing public health concern in the context of climate change. However, little is known about the attributable global, regional, and national mortality burden related to LFS air pollution.

Methods: We calculated country-specific population-weighted average daily and annual LFS fine particulate matter (PM) and surface ozone (O) during 2000-19 from a validated dataset.

Temporal change in minimum mortality temperature under changing climate: A multicountry multicommunity observational study spanning 1986-2015.

Background: The minimum mortality temperature (MMT) or MMT percentile (MMTP) is an indicator of population susceptibility to nonoptimum temperatures. MMT and MMTP change over time; however, the changing directions show region-wide heterogeneity. We examined the heterogeneity of temporal changes in MMT and MMTP across multiple communities and in multiple countries.

Mortality burden and economic loss attributable to cold and heat in Central and South America.

Background: We quantify the mortality burden and economic loss attributable to nonoptimal temperatures for cold and heat in the Central and South American countries in the Multi-City Multi-Country (MCC) Collaborative Research Network.

Methods: We collected data for 66 locations from 13 countries in Central and South America to estimate location-specific temperature-mortality associations using time-series regression with distributed lag nonlinear models. We calculated the attributable deaths for cold and heat as the 2.

Increased Risk of Influenza Infection During Cold Spells in China: National Time Series Study.

Background: Studies have reported the adverse effects of cold events on influenza. However, the role of critical factors, such as characteristics of cold spells, and regional variations remain unresolved.

Objective: We aimed to systematically evaluate the association between cold spells and influenza incidence in mainland China.

Association between precipitation and mortality due to diarrheal diseases by climate zone: A multi-country modeling study.

Background: Precipitation could affect the transmission of diarrheal diseases. The diverse precipitation patterns across different climates might influence the degree of diarrheal risk from precipitation. This study determined the associations between precipitation and diarrheal mortality in tropical, temperate, and arid climate regions.

Short-term Exposure to Wildfire-Specific PM2.5 and Diabetes Hospitalization: A Study in Multiple Countries and Territories.

Objective: To evaluate associations of wildfire fine particulate matter ≤2.5 mm in diameter (PM2.5) with diabetes across multiple countries and territories.

Short-term ozone exposure and cancer mortality in Brazil: A nationwide case-crossover study.

Exposure to ambient ozone (O) is linked to increased mortality risks from various diseases, but epidemiological investigations delving into its potential implications for cancer mortality are limited. We aimed to examine the association between short-term O exposure and site-specific cancer mortality and investigate vulnerable subgroups in Brazil. In total 3,459,826 cancer death records from 5570 Brazilian municipalities between 2000 and 2019, were included.

Cancer mortality risk from short-term PM exposure and temporal variations in Brazil.

Although some studies have found that short-term PM exposure is associated with lung cancer deaths, its impact on other cancer sites is unclear. To answer this research question, this time-stratified case-crossover study used individual cancer death data between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2019, extracted from the Brazilian mortality information system to quantify the associations between short-term PM exposure and cancer mortality from 25 common cancer sites. Daily PM concentration was aggregated at the municipality level as the key exposure.

Wildfire-related PM and cardiovascular mortality: A difference-in-differences analysis in Brazil.

Brazil has experienced unprecedented wildfires recently. We aimed to investigate the association of wildfire-related fine particulate matter (PM) with cause-specific cardiovascular mortality, and to estimate the attributable mortality burden. Exposure to wildfire-related PM was defined as exposure to annual mean wildfire-related PM concentrations in the 1-year prior to death.

Ambient PM and productivity-adjusted life years lost in Brazil: a national population-based study.

Enormous health burden has been associated with air pollution and its effects continue to grow. However, the impact of air pollution on labour productivity at the population level is still unknown. This study assessed the association between premature death due to PM exposure and the loss of productivity-adjusted life years (PALYs), in Brazil.

Maternal greenness exposure and preterm birth in Brazil: A nationwide birth cohort study.

In the dynamic landscape of maternal and child health, understanding the intricate interplay between environmental factors and pregnancy outcomes is of paramount importance. This study investigates the relationship between maternal greenness exposure and preterm births in Brazil using data spanning from 2010 to 2019. Satellite-derived indices, including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), were employed to assess greenness exposure during whole pregnancy in maternal residential area.

Rapid increase in the risk of heat-related mortality.

Heat-related mortality has been identified as one of the key climate extremes posing a risk to human health. Current research focuses largely on how heat mortality increases with mean global temperature rise, but it is unclear how much climate change will increase the frequency and severity of extreme summer seasons with high impact on human health. In this probabilistic analysis, we combined empirical heat-mortality relationships for 748 locations from 47 countries with climate model large ensemble data to identify probable past and future highly impactful summer seasons.

Productivity-adjusted life years lost due to non-optimum temperatures in Brazil: A nationwide time-series study.

Non-optimal temperatures are associated with premature deaths globally. However, the evidence is limited in low- and middle-income countries, and the productivity losses due to non-optimal temperatures have not been quantified. We aimed to estimate the work-related impacts and economic losses attributable to non-optimal temperatures in Brazil.

Short-term exposure to wildfire-related PM increases mortality risks and burdens in Brazil.

To assess mortality risks and burdens associated with short-term exposure to wildfire-related fine particulate matter with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM), we collect daily mortality data from 2000 to 2016 for 510 immediate regions in Brazil, the most wildfire-prone area. We integrate data from multiple sources with a chemical transport model at the global scale to isolate daily concentrations of wildfire-related PM at a 0.

Exposure to wildfire-related PM2.5 and site-specific cancer mortality in Brazil from 2010 to 2016: A retrospective study.

Background: Long-term exposure to fine particles ≤2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) has been linked to cancer mortality.

The association of COVID-19 incidence with temperature, humidity, and UV radiation - A global multi-city analysis.

Background And Aim: The associations between COVID-19 transmission and meteorological factors are scientifically debated. Several studies have been conducted worldwide, with inconsistent findings. However, often these studies had methodological issues, e.

High ambient temperature and risk of hospitalization for gastrointestinal infection in Brazil: A nationwide case-crossover study during 2000-2015.

Background: The burden of gastrointestinal infections related to hot ambient temperature remains largely unexplored in low-to-middle income countries which have most of the cases globally and are experiencing the greatest impact from climate change. The situation is particularly true in Brazil.

Objectives: Using medical records covering over 78 % of population, we quantify the association between high temperature and risk of hospitalization for gastrointestinal infection in Brazil between 2000 and 2015.

Loss of life expectancy from PM in Brazil: A national study from 2010 to 2018.

Background: Long-term exposure to PM is proved to be linked with mortality. However, limited studies have estimated the PM related loss of life expectancy (LLE) and its changing trends. How much life expectancy would be improved if PM pollution is reduced to the new WHO air quality guideline (AQG) level is unclear.

Associations between long-term exposure to PM and site-specific cancer mortality: A nationwide study in Brazil between 2010 and 2018.

Long-term exposure to PM has been linked to lung cancer incidence and mortality, but limited evidence existed for other cancers. This study aimed to assess the association between PM on cancer specific mortality. An ecological study based on the cancer mortality data collected from 5,565 Brazilian cities during 2010-2018 using a difference-in-differences approach with quasi-Poisson regression, was applied to examine PM-cancer mortality associations.

Geographical Variations of the Minimum Mortality Temperature at a Global Scale: A Multicountry Study.

Background: Minimum mortality temperature (MMT) is an important indicator to assess the temperature-mortality association, indicating long-term adaptation to local climate. Limited evidence about the geographical variability of the MMT is available at a global scale.

Methods: We collected data from 658 communities in 43 countries under different climates.