Erratum: "An Integrated Experimental Design for the Assessment of Multiple Toxicological End Points in Rat Bioassays".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1289/EHP419.].

An Integrated Experimental Design for the Assessment of Multiple Toxicological End Points in Rat Bioassays.

Background: For nearly five decades long-term studies in rodents have been the accepted benchmark for assessing chronic long-term toxic effects, particularly carcinogenicity, of chemicals. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have pointed out that the current set of internationally utilized test methods capture only some of the potential adverse effects associated with exposures to these agents over the lifetime.

Objectives: In this paper, we propose the adaption of the carcinogenicity bioassay to integrate additional protocols for comprehensive long-term toxicity assessment that includes developmental exposures and long-term outcomes, capable of generating information on a broad spectrum of different end points.

Synergism between sinusoidal-50 Hz magnetic field and formaldehyde in triggering carcinogenic effects in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Background: Experimental rodent bioassays performed up to now have failed to provide conclusive confirmation of the carcinogenicity of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELFMF).

Objectives: To evaluate the potential synergistic carcinogenic effects of concurrent exposure to ELFMF and formaldehyde in four groups of male and female Sprague-Dawley rats.

Methods: One group was exposed from prenatal life until natural death to S-50 Hz MF and to formaldehyde in drinking water from 6 weeks of age for 104 weeks, two groups were treated only with formaldehyde or only with MF and one group served as untreated control.

Life-span exposure to sinusoidal-50 Hz magnetic field and acute low-dose γ radiation induce carcinogenic effects in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Background In 2002 the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELFMF) as a possible carcinogen on the basis of epidemiological evidence. Experimental bioassays on rats and mice performed up to now on ELFMF alone or in association with known carcinogens have failed to provide conclusive confirmation. Objectives To study the carcinogenic effects of combined exposure to sinusoidal-50 Hz (S-50 Hz) magnetic fields and acute γ radiation in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Life-span carcinogenicity studies on Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to γ-radiation: design of the project and report on the tumor occurrence after post-natal radiation exposure (6 weeks of age) delivered in a single acute exposure.

Background: Experimental long-term carcinogenicity bioassays conducted on rats and mice proved that ionizing radiation can induce a variety of tumor types. However few studies have been conducted on rats.

Methods: This report deals with the effects of γ-radiation in groups of 416-1,051 6-weeks old Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to 0, 0.

Urinary apparatus tumours and asbestos: the Ramazzini Institute caseload.

Many studies have drawn attention to the possible association between occupational exposure to asbestos and tumours of the urinary apparatus. Besides the main etiological agents recognised today--such as smoking, obesity and hypertension--experimental and epidemiological evidence converges on the view that tumours of the kidney and bladder are largely due to occupational exposure to industrial agents: these and their transformation products linger in the body and are eventually eliminated by those organs. That one such agent targeting the urinary system is asbestos has found confirmation in the discovery of asbestos fibres in the urine of populations at risk.

Chemopreventive potential of black cohosh on breast cancer in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Background/aim: This study examines the chemopreventive potential and action of the herb black cohosh on Sprague-Dawley rats.

Materials And Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with an extract of black cohosh enriched in triterpene glycosides (27%) at 35.7 (Group I), 7.

Pharmacological mechanisms of black cohosh in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Background: Studies indicate that extracts and purified components from black cohosh inhibit the growth of human breast cancer cells, but the molecular targets and signaling pathways have not yet been defined.

Purpose: This study examines the pharmacological mechanisms and toxicological effects in the short term of the herb black cohosh on female Sprague-Dawley rats.

Materials And Methods: To assess effects on gene activity and lipid content, we treated female Sprague-Dawley rats with an extract of black cohosh enriched in triterpene glycosides (27%) at 35.

Aspartame administered in feed, beginning prenatally through life span, induces cancers of the liver and lung in male Swiss mice.

Background: Aspartame (APM) is a well-known intense artificial sweetener used in more than 6,000 products. Among the major users of aspartame are children and women of childbearing age. In previous lifespan experiments conducted on Sprague-Dawley rats we have shown that APM is a carcinogenic agent in multiple sites and that its effects are increased when exposure starts from prenatal life.

Life-span exposure to low doses of aspartame beginning during prenatal life increases cancer effects in rats.

Background: In a previous study conducted at the Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center of the European Ramazzini Foundation (CMCRC/ERF), we demonstrated for the first time that aspartame (APM) is a multipotent carcinogenic agent when various doses are administered with feed to Sprague-Dawley rats from 8 weeks of age throughout the life span.

Objective: The aim of this second study is to better quantify the carcinogenic risk of APM, beginning treatment during fetal life.

Methods: We studied groups of 70-95 male and female Sprague-Dawley rats administered APM (2,000, 400, or 0 ppm) with feed from the 12th day of fetal life until natural death.

Results of long-term carcinogenicity bioassay on Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to aspartame administered in feed.

Aspartame (APM) is one of the most widely used artificial sweeteners in the world. Its ever-growing use in more than 6000 products, such as soft drinks, chewing gum, candy, desserts, etc., has been accompanied by rising consumer concerns regarding its safety, in particular its potential long-term carcinogenic effects.

Results of long-term carcinogenicity bioassay on vinyl acetate monomer in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) was administered in drinking water supplied ad libitum at doses of 5,000, 1,000, and 0 ppm (v/v) to 17-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats (breeders) and to 12-day embryos (offspring). Treatment lasted for 104 weeks; thereafter, animals were kept under control conditions until spontaneous death. VAM was found to cause an increase in total malignant tumors and in carcinomas and/or precursor lesions of the oral cavity, lips, tongue, esophagus, and forestomach.

Results of long-term experimental studies on the carcinogenicity of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in rats.

Formaldehyde was administered for 104 weeks in drinking water supplied ad libitum at concentrations of 1500, 1000, 500, 100, 50, 10, or 0 mg/L to groups of 50 male and 50 female Sprague-Dawley rats beginning at seven weeks of age. Control animals (100 males and 100 females) received tap water only. Acetaldehyde was administered to 50 male and 50 female Sprague-Dawley rats beginning at six weeks of age at concentrations of 2,500, 1,500, 500, 250, 50, or 0 mg/L.