Early Plasma Matrix Metalloproteinase Profiles. A Novel Pathway in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Rationale: MMPs (Matrix metalloproteinases) and their endogenous tissue inhibitors may contribute to lung injury through extracellular matrix degradation and modulation of inflammation and fibrosis.

Objectives: To test for an association between MMP pathway proteins and inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and clinical outcomes.

Methods: We measured MMPs in plasma collected on acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Day 1 from 235 children at five hospitals between 2008 and 2017.

Chromobacterium Violaceum Sepsis: Rethinking Conventional Therapy to Improve Outcome.

Background: Chromobacterium violaceum (C. violaceum) is a facultative anaerobic gram-negative bacterium found in soil and water, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. Although infection in humans is rare, it is associated with significant morbidity.

Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Mediates RSV Infection in Vitro and in Vivo.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is an important human pathogen associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The present study tested the hypothesis that RSV infection would increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression, and that MMP-9 inhibition would decrease RSV replication both in vitro and in vivo. RSV A2 infection of human bronchial epithelial cells increased MMP-9 mRNA and protein release.

Pulmonary matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in mechanically ventilated children with respiratory syncytial virus.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a potent stimulus for airway epithelial expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. MMP-9 activity in vivo is a predictor of disease severity in children with RSV-induced respiratory failure. Human airway epithelial cells were infected with RSV A2 strain and analysed for MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 (a natural inhibitor of MMP-9) release.

Early elevation of matrix metalloproteinase-8 and -9 in pediatric ARDS is associated with an increased risk of prolonged mechanical ventilation.

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) -8 and -9 may play key roles in the modulation of neutrophilic lung inflammation seen in pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). We aimed to perform a comprehensive analysis of MMP-8 and MMP-9 activity in tracheal aspirates of pediatric ARDS patients compared with non-ARDS controls, testing whether increased MMP-8 and -9 activities were associated with clinical outcomes.

Methods: Tracheal aspirates were collected from 33 pediatric ARDS patients and 21 non-ARDS controls at 48 hours of intubation, and serially for those who remained intubated greater than five days.

Matrix metalloproteinase activity in pediatric acute lung injury.

Pediatric Acute Lung Injury (ALI) is associated with a high mortality and morbidity, and dysregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may play an important role in the pathogenesis and evolution of ALI. Here we examined MMP expression and activity in pediatric ALI compared with controls. MMP-8, -9, and to a lesser extent, MMP-2, -3, -11 and -12 were identified at higher levels in lung secretions of pediatric ALI patients compared with controls.

Is hyperglycemia really harmful? A critical appraisal of "Persistent hyperglycemia in critically ill children" by Faustino and Apkon (J Pediatr 2005; 146:30-34).

Objective: To review the findings and to discuss the implications of hyperglycemia in critically ill children.

Design: A critical appraisal of an article with literature review.

Findings: In this single-center, retrospective cohort study, the authors report that the prevalence of hyperglycemia ranged from 16.