Nutrition state of science and dementia prevention: recommendations of the Nutrition for Dementia Prevention Working Group.

Observational studies suggest that nutritional factors have a potential cognitive benefit. However, systematic reviews of randomised trials of dietary and nutritional supplements have reported largely null effects on cognitive outcomes and have highlighted study inconsistencies and other limitations. In this Personal View, the Nutrition for Dementia Prevention Working Group presents what we consider to be limitations in the existing nutrition clinical trials for dementia prevention.

Addressing the disparities in dementia risk, early detection and care in Latino populations: Highlights from the second Latinos & Alzheimer's Symposium.

The Alzheimer's Association hosted the second Latinos & Alzheimer's Symposium in May 2021. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the meeting was held online over 2 days, with virtual presentations, discussions, mentoring sessions, and posters. The Latino population in the United States is projected to have the steepest increase in Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the next 40 years, compared to other ethnic groups.

Alzheimer's disease research progress in the Mediterranean region: The Alzheimer's Association International Conference Satellite Symposium.

As research and services in the Mediterranean region continue to increase, so do opportunities for global collaboration. To support such collaborations, the Alzheimer's Association was due to hold its seventh Alzheimer's Association International Conference Satellite Symposium in Athens, Greece in 2021. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the meeting was held virtually, which enabled attendees from around the world to hear about research efforts in Greece and the surrounding Mediterranean countries.

Digital Tracking of Cognitive Decline: Researchers Are Co-opting Computers in their Efforts to Detect Early Signs of Dementia.

Pinpointing where healthy brain aging leaves off and dementia begins is difficult. Is a slip in memory an expected outcome for a too-busy person or a warning of something else? If an empty-nester loses the motivation to cook, is it a sign that the person is enjoying retirement after a lifetime spent cooking or an early sign of a cognitive decline?

Committing to Memory: Memory Prosthetics Show Promise in Helping Those with Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Cell phone chimes, sticky notes, even the proverbial string around a finger-these timehonored external cues help guard against our inevitable memory lapses. But some internal help to the brain itself may be on the way in the form of what's being called memory prosthetics. Once considered to be on the fringes of neuroscience, the idea of adding hardware to the brain to help with memory has gathered steam.

Controlling Seizures Through Chemogenetics: A New Technique May Provide a More Precise Way of Targeting Faulty Circuitry in the Brain.

Electricity is the currency of our nervous systems. Thinking and planning, walking and talking, eating and sleeping-all our mental and physical activities are driven by electrical signals moving through the brain. This electrical traffic ebbs and flows in consistent patterns across different brain regions, carrying information from one neuron to the next.

New Frontiers in Robotic Surgery: The latest high-tech surgical tools allow for superhuman sensing and more.

Over the past 30 years, robots have become standard fixtures in operating rooms. During brain surgery, a NeuroMate robot may guide a neurosurgeon to a target within the pulsing cortex. In orthopedics, a Mako robot sculpts and drills bone during knee and hip replacement surgery.

Highlights from the 2016 Schizophrenia International Research Society Conference, April 2-6, 2016.

The 2016 Schizophrenia International Research Society (SIRS) Conference, held in Florence, Italy, attracted approximately 1,800 attendees from over 54 countries to the stately Firenze Fiera Conference Center from April 2-6, 2016. Providing plenary sessions, special sessions, symposia, workshops, oral presentations and poster presentations, this 5th Biennial SIRS Conference focused on "Deconstructing Schizophrenia towards Targeted Treatment." In conjunction with the Schizophrenia Research Forum, a Web project of the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation, and with our thanks to the SIRS organizers and staff, we bring you the following selected highlights.

Steering Organoids Toward Discovery: Self-Driving Stem Cells Are Opening a World of Possibilities, Including Drug Testing and Tissue Sourcing.

Since the 1980s, stem cells' shape-shifting abilities have wowed scientists. With proper handling, a few growth factors, and some time, stem cells can be cooked up into specific cell types, including neurons, muscle, and skin.

Highlights from the Biennial International Congress on Schizophrenia Research (ICOSR), March 28-April 1, 2015.

The 2015 International Congress on Schizophrenia Research, held in Colorado Springs, Colorado, attracted over 1,000 attendees from March 28-April 1, 2015. With the gracious assistance of Congress directors Carol Tamminga and Chuck Schulz, as well as meeting staff Dorothy Denton and Cristan Tamminga, we bring you the following reports on various Congress sessions concerning approaches to prevention in schizophrenia and social cognition.

Highlights from the 2012 Schizophrenia International Research Society Conference, April 14-18, 2012.

The 2012 Schizophrenia International Research Society (SIRS) Conference, held in Florence, Italy, attracted more than 1,600 attendees from 53 countries to the stately Firenze Fiera Conference Center from April 14-18, 2012. Providing four major plenary sessions, thirty-five symposia sessions and six workshops, this 3rd Biennial SIRS Conference was jointly sponsored by Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and SIRS. In conjunction with the Schizophrenia Research Forum, a Web project of the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation, and with our thanks to the SIRS organizers and staff, we bring you the following report on the meeting's discussions concerning drug therapy development for schizophrenia, psychological and social treatment for schizophrenia, and the challenges of predicting psychosis with brain imaging.

Noradrenergic modulation of activity in a vocal control nucleus in vitro.

Norepinephrine (NE) can profoundly modulate sensory processing, but its effect on motor function is less well understood. Birdsong is a learned behavior involving sensory and motor processes that are influenced by NE. A potential site of NE action is the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA): RA receives noradrenergic inputs and has adrenergic receptors, and it is a sensorimotor area instrumental to song production.

Rhythmic activity in a forebrain vocal control nucleus in vitro.

The learned vocalizations of songbirds constitute a rhythmic behavior that is thought to be governed by a central pattern generator and that is accompanied by highly patterned neural activity. Phasic premotor activity is observed during singing in HVC [used as a proper name following the nomenclature of Reiner et al. (2004)], a telencephalic song system nucleus that is essential for song production.

Cellular, circuit, and synaptic mechanisms in song learning.

Songbirds, much like humans, learn their vocal behavior, and must be able to hear both themselves and others to do so. Studies of the brain areas involved in singing and song learning could reveal the underlying neural mechanisms. Here we describe experiments that explore the properties of the songbird anterior forebrain pathway (AFP), a basal ganglia-forebrain circuit known to be critical for song learning and for adult modification of vocal output.