Service use and costs of care for depressed adolescents: who uses and who pays?

Major depressive disorder is common in adolescence and is associated with significant morbidity and family burden. Little is known about service use by depressed adolescents. The purpose of this article is to report the patterns of services use and costs for participants in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study sample during the 3 months before randomization.

An exploratory analysis of the impact of family functioning on treatment for depression in adolescents.

This article explores aspects of family environment and parent-child conflict that may predict or moderate response to acute treatments among depressed adolescents (N = 439) randomly assigned to fluoxetine, cognitive behavioral therapy, their combination, or placebo. Outcomes were Week 12 scores on measures of depression and global impairment. Of 20 candidate variables, one predictor emerged: Across treatments, adolescents with mothers who reported less parent-child conflict were more likely to benefit than their counterparts.

Characteristics and Components of the TADS CBT Approach.

In this paper, we describe the Acute phase of a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) developed for and utilized in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS). The Acute phase of TADS CBT consists of eight skills that were considered essential to any CBT intervention for adolescent depression (e.g.

Predictors and moderators of acute outcome in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS).

Objective: To identify predictors and moderators of response to acute treatments among depressed adolescents (N = 439) randomly assigned to fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), both fluoxetine and CBT, or clinical management with pill placebo in the Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS).

Method: Potential baseline predictors and moderators were identified by a literature review. The outcome measure was a week 12 predicted score derived from the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R).

Functioning and quality of life in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS).

Objective: To test whether 12-week treatment of major depression improved the level of functioning, global health, and quality of life of adolescents.

Method: The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study was a multisite, randomized clinical trial of fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), their combination (COMB), or clinical management with placebo in 439 adolescents with major depression. Functioning was measured with the Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS), global health with the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA), and quality of life with the Pediatric Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (PQ-LES-Q).

Acute time to response in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS).

Objective: To examine the time to response for both pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS).

Method: Adolescents (N = 439, ages 12 to 17 years) with major depressive disorder were randomized to fluoxetine (FLX), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), their combination (COMB), or pill placebo (PBO). Defining response as very much improved or much improved on the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement Scale (CGI-I), survival analyses using Cox proportional hazards models, and Kaplan-Meier curves were conducted to evaluate time to first response and time to stable response for subjects receiving pharmacotherapy (COMB, FLX, PBO) as well as for subjects receiving CBT (COMB, CBT).