Strain RB51 Administered to Prepubescent Water Buffaloes, from Vaccination to Lactation: Kinetics of Antibody Response and Vaccine Safety.

RB51 is a live modified vaccine. Its use in water buffalo has been proposed using a vaccination protocol different to that used for cattle, but knowledge of the long-term effects of RB51 vaccination in this species remains incomplete. The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and kinetics of antibody responses in water buffaloes vaccinated according to the protocol described for the bovine species in the WOAH Manual, modified with the use of a triple dose.

SGL 13 and alleviate dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis in mice.

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory conditions that typically involve diarrhea, abdominal pain, fatigue, and weight loss, with a dramatic impact on patients' quality of life. Standard medications are often associated with adverse side effects. Thus, alternative treatments such as probiotics are of great interest.

Determination of hair cortisol in horses: comparison of immunoassay vs LC-HRMS/MS.

The measure of hair cortisol concentration (HCC) is becoming an emerging approach to monitor mid-/long-term stress in animals, so it is more and more important to develop accurate and reliable methods. In the light of this, the aim of the present study was to compare mane HCCs of 47 horses with different managements, by means of an immunoassay (ELISA) and liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS). After the washing step, the ground hair was extracted with methanol.

Assessment of Welfare in Groups of Horses with Different Management, Environments and Activities by Measuring Cortisol in Horsehair, Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Hybrid Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.

Horses have always been animals used for companionship, work, transportation, and performance purposes over the history of humanity; there are different ways of managing horses, but studies on how horse welfare is influenced by different activities and managements are scanty. Understanding how the management, the environment, and the different uses of horses can affect the level of stress and well-being is important not only for people associated with horses. Three groups of horses with different management, environments, and activities were selected: (1) stabled horses ridden frequently, (2) horses that perform public order service under the Italian state police, and (3) free-ranging horses.

Investigating the cecal microbiota in broiler poultry farms and its potential relationships with animal welfare.

The present study assessed the modulation of cecal microbiota and correlations with Campylobacter colonization and animal welfare status. For these purposes, we conducted a cross sectional study of the cecal microbiota from 187 broilers reared in 13 batches from 10 poultry farms by performing 16S rRNA sequencing (regions V3-4). The welfare of each batch was assessed using a simplified Welfare Quality® protocol, scoring higher in organic batches, compared to both antibiotic-free and conventional batches.

Animal Welfare Assessment in Antibiotic-Free and Conventional Broiler Chicken.

The poultry sector is moving towards antibiotic-free production, both to challenge the increasing spread of the antibiotic resistance phenomenon and to meet market demands. This could negatively impact the health and welfare of the animals. In this study, the welfare of 14 batches of 41-47-day-old broilers raised by the same integrated company with and without antibiotics was assessed using the Welfare Quality protocol.

Humoral immune response and delayed-type hypersensitivity in rabbits infected with Trypanosoma equiperdum.

Trypanosoma equiperdum is the causative agent of dourine, a parasitic venereal disease of equids. In this work, rabbits were infected with T. equiperdum strain OVI; serological tests (complement fixation test, ELISA and immunoblotting), used for the diagnosis of dourine in horses, were applied to study rabbit humoral immune response and to characterise T.

Study on the Public Perception of "Community-Owned Dogs" in the Abruzzo Region, Central Italy.

The Abruzzo Regional Law Nr. 47/2013, following a circular from the Italian Ministry of Health and OIE recommendations, allows the local municipalities to release free-roaming dogs (FRDs) caught on the territory once the local veterinary services (LVSs) have rated the dogs as unowned and not aggressive, have neutered them, as well as identified them through a microchip and a visible collar. The responsibility of these "community-owned dogs" (CODs) falls under the mayor of the local municipality that can entrust their custody to qualified people.

Alternative methods to reduce the animal use in quality controls of inactivated BTV8 Bluetongue vaccines.

The acceptance of serology data instead of challenge for market release of new batches of commercial vaccine is under evaluation by regulatory agencies in order to reduce the use of animals and costs for manufacturers. In this study two vaccines for Bluetongue virus serotype 8 were submitted to quality controls required by the European Pharmacopoeia and tested on sheep in comparison with a commercial inactivated vaccine. Body temperature, antibody titres and viraemia of vaccinated and controls sheep were recorded.

Production of monoclonal antibodies binding to the VP7 protein of African horse sickness virus.

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against AHSV were produced by immunising BALB/c mice with AHSV serotype 9 and six clones able to recognize specifically the VP7-AHSV with a strong reactivity were selected. The specificity of the MAbs was assessed in i-ELISA against a commercial VP7-AHSV and in immunoblot against a home-made VP7-AHSV, expressed by a Baculovirus expression system; potential cross-reactions with related orbiviruses (Bluetongue virus and Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease virus) were investigated as well. One of the six MAbs selected, MAb 7F11E14, was tested in direct immunofluorescence and reacted with all nine AHSV serotypes, but didn't cross-react with BTV and EHDV.

Development of an indirect ELISA for the serological diagnosis of dourine.

Dourine is a parasitic venereal disease of equines caused by T. equiperdum. Humoral antibodies are found in infected animals, but diagnosis of dourine must include history, clinical, and pathological findings in addition to serology.

Low Molecular Weight Proteins As Candidates for Specific Serological Diagnosis of Dourine.

The diagnosis of dourine can be difficult because the clinical signs of this disease in horses are similar to those of surra, caused by . Moreover, and are closely related and, so far, they cannot be distinguished using serological tests. In a previous work, the protein pattern recognized by antibodies from dourine-infected horses and the humoral immune response kinetics were investigated by immunoblotting assay; a total of 20 sera from naturally and experimentally infected horses and from healthy animals were tested.

Bone Regeneration Induced by Bone Porcine Block with Bone Marrow Stromal Stem Cells in a Minipig Model of Mandibular "Critical Size" Defect.

. Adding stem cells to biodegradable scaffolds to enhance bone regeneration is a valuable option. Different kinds of stem cells with osteoblastic activity were tested, such as bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSSCs).

A New Highly Hydrophilic Electrochemical Implant Titanium Surface: A Histological and Biomechanical In Vivo Study.

Purpose: The aim was to compare the osseointegration degree and secondary implant stability between implants with different surface treatments.

Materials And Methods: A novel electrochemical treatment was applied to modify the sandblasted and acid-etched surface (SLA) to obtain the new hydrophilic Feeling (FEL) surface presenting a highly soluble and homogenous film made of calcium and phosphorus nanocrystals. Twenty 3.

Validation of the Socially Acceptable Behaviour (SAB) test in a Central‑Italy pet dog population.

Aggressiveness is reported to be the most important public health issue related to both owned and free‑roaming dogs. Common approaches to assess canine aggressiveness are temperament tests. The main aim of this study was to evaluate whether one such test, the Socially Acceptable Behaviour (SAB) test, created to evaluate aggressive and fearful behaviour in dogs in the Netherlands, could be used reliably to assess dog aggression and fear in a population of owned dogs in Central Italy.

Validation of value of actual micromotion as a direct measure of implant micromobility after healing (secondary implant stability). An in vivo histologic and biomechanical study.

Objectives: The osseointegration process replaces the surgically damaged bone with newly formed bone in contact to the implant surface. This involves some loss of primary stability, which will continue until new bone is formed providing a new stability, known as "secondary stability." A direct measurement of secondary implant stability appears fundamental to determine the period and modalities for implant loading.

Quick, Accurate, Smart: 3D Computer Vision Technology Helps Assessing Confined Animals' Behaviour.

Mankind directly controls the environment and lifestyles of several domestic species for purposes ranging from production and research to conservation and companionship. These environments and lifestyles may not offer these animals the best quality of life. Behaviour is a direct reflection of how the animal is coping with its environment.

New Osseodensification Implant Site Preparation Method to Increase Bone Density in Low-Density Bone: In Vivo Evaluation in Sheep.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate a new surgical technique for implant site preparation that could allow to enhance bone density, ridge width, and implant secondary stability.

Materials And Methods: The edges of the iliac crests of 2 sheep were exposed and ten 3.8 × 10-mm Dynamix implants (Cortex) were inserted in the left sides using the conventional drilling method (control group).

Laterality as an indicator of emotional stress in ewes and lambs during a separation test.

We assessed motor laterality in sheep to explore species-specific brain hemi-field dominance and how this could be affected by genetic or developmental factors. Further, we investigated whether directionality and strength of laterality could be linked to emotional stress in ewes and their lambs during partial separation. Forty-three ewes and their singleton lambs were scored on the (left/right) direction of turn in a y-maze to rejoin a conspecific (laterality test).

Translational value of sheep as animal model to study sinus augmentation.

Sinus augmentation is a routine surgical procedure in dentistry. At present, various animal models are available for the research purpose on this topic. In particular, for the first time, we have performed a morphological study on sheep sinus, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), to precisely define the anatomy of the ovine sinus.

Effect of Implant Thread Geometry on Secondary Stability, Bone Density, and Bone-to-Implant Contact: A Biomechanical and Histological Analysis.

Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of 2 different thread designs on secondary stability (micromotion) and osseointegration rate in dense and cancellous bones.

Materials And Methods: Forty large threaded and 40 small threaded implants (Cortex) were placed in low- (iliac crest) and high-density (mandible) bone of sheep. Two months later, micromobility tests and histological analysis were performed to measure secondary stability, osseointegration (bone-to-implant contact percentage [%BIC]), and bone density (bone volume percentage [%BV]).

Effect of temperature on the dental implant osseointegration development in low-density bone: an in vivo histological evaluation.

Objectives: To make an in vivo evaluation of the effects of 2 different bone temperatures, on the development of implant osseointegration, in low-density bone.

Materials And Methods: Fifteen implant osteotomic sites were prepared in the iliac crests of sheep. Before the implant insertion, 5 sites were heated to 50°C for 1 minute, 5 sites to 60°C for 1 minute, and 5 sites were not overheated.

Effect of 50 to 60°C heating on osseointegration of dental implants in dense bone: an in vivo histological study.

Objectives: To evaluate, in vivo, the effects of bone temperatures increased up to 60°C introduced before implant insertion on titanium implant osseointegration.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-four acid etched and sandblasted implants (Cortex Dental Implants) were inserted in the inferior edge of sheep mandibles. Osteotomic sites were randomly divided into 3 groups before inserting the implant.

Insufficient irrigation induces peri-implant bone resorption: an in vivo histologic analysis in sheep.

Objectives: To measure in vivo impact of dense bone overheating on implant osseointegration and peri-implant bone resorption comparing different bur irrigation methods vs. no irrigation.

Materials And Methods: Twenty TI-bone implants were inserted in the inferior edge of mandibles of sheep.

Role of amniotic fluid mesenchymal cells engineered on MgHA/collagen-based scaffold allotransplanted on an experimental animal study of sinus augmentation.

Objectives: The present research has been performed to evaluate whether a commercial magnesium-enriched hydroxyapatite (MgHA)/collagen-based scaffold engineered with ovine amniotic fluid mesenchymal cells (oAFMC) could improve bone regeneration process in vivo.

Materials And Methods: Bilateral sinus augmentation was performed on eight adult sheep in order to compare the tissue regeneration process at 45 and 90 days after implantation of the oAFMC-engineered scaffold (Test Group) or of the scaffold alone (Ctr Group). The process of tissue remodeling was analyzed through histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric analyses by calculating the proliferation index (PI) of oAFMC loaded on the scaffold, the total vascular area (VA), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression levels within the grafted area.