Nursing student perceptions of racism and health disparities in the United States: A critical race theory perspective.

Background: Limited research has been done on nursing students' awareness of racial disparities and their readiness to address bias and racism in clinical practice.

Purpose: This study investigated nursing students' perceptions of how racial disparities affect health outcomes, including maternal outcomes, in the United States.

Methods: Interpretive description was used and supported by the critical race theory as a framework to guide the data collection, analysis, and interpretation to understand participants' perceptions surrounding racism and health disparities.

"Go With the Flow": A Qualitative Description of Infant Feeding Experiences Among Women With HIV in the United States.

Breastfeeding affords numerous health benefits to mothers and children, but for women with HIV in the United States, avoidance of breastfeeding is recommended. Evidence from low-income countries demonstrates low risk of HIV transmission during breastfeeding with antiretroviral therapy, and the World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding and shared decision making about infant feeding options in low-income and middle-income countries. In the United States, gaps in knowledge exist surrounding the experiences, beliefs, and feelings of women with HIV surrounding infant feeding decisions.

Women Living With HIV in High Income Countries and the Deeper Meaning of Breastfeeding Avoidance: A Metasynthesis.

Background: Recommendations to avoid breastfeeding for women living with HIV in high income countries has resulted in a gap in the literature on how healthcare professionals can provide the highest standard of lactation counseling.

Research Aims: (1) Describe social and emotional experiences of infant feeding for women living with HIV in high income countries; (2) raise ethical considerations surrounding the clinical recommendation in high income countries to avoid breastfeeding.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted between January 1, 2008 and June 20, 2019.

Experiences of Racism and Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration Among First-Time Mothers of the Black Women's Health Study.

Background: Breastfeeding rates are lower for black women in the USA compared with other groups. Breastfeeding and lactation are sensitive time points in the life course, centering breastfeeding as a health equity issue. In the USA, experiences of racism have been linked to poor health outcomes but racism relative to breastfeeding has not been extensively investigated.