Correlation between withdrawal symptoms and medication pump residual volume in patients with implantable SynchroMed pumps.

Objective: To investigate whether patients with implantable SynchroMed pumps (Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN) develop symptoms of drug withdrawal at residual medication volumes that exceed 2 ml (the alarm residual volume recommended by the manufacturer).

Methods: The data sheets of 88 patients with implantable SynchroMed pumps were retrospectively reviewed.