Artificial Intelligence for Hip Fracture Detection and Outcome Prediction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: Artificial intelligence (AI) enables powerful models for establishment of clinical diagnostic and prognostic tools for hip fractures; however the performance and potential impact of these newly developed algorithms are currently unknown.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of AI algorithms designed to diagnose hip fractures on radiographs and predict postoperative clinical outcomes following hip fracture surgery relative to current practices.

Data Sources: A systematic review of the literature was performed using the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for all articles published from database inception to January 23, 2023.

Distal femoral replacement or internal fixation for management of periprosthetic distal femur fractures: A systematic review.

Background: The number of periprosthetic fractures above a total knee arthroplasty continues to increase. These fractures are associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Techniques for addressing these fractures include open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) and revision arthroplasty, including distal femoral replacement (DFR).

Social and leisure activity profiles and well-being among the older adults: a longitudinal study.

Objectives: Studies highlight the beneficial effects of social and leisure activities on the well-being of aging people. Our aims were: to investigate activity profiles among older adults living in their own homes, to highlight potential changes in profiles over a period of five years and to examine effects of differences between these profiles on well-being variables.

Methods: Three waves were considered in this longitudinal study, with 550, 410 and 374 people (76, 79, 82 years on average), respectively.

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Examining the Impact of Incident Postoperative Delirium on Mortality.

Background: Delirium is an acute and reversible geriatric syndrome that represents a decompensation of cerebral function. Delirium is associated with adverse postoperative outcomes, but controversy exists regarding whether delirium is an independent predictor of mortality. Thus, we assessed the association between incident postoperative delirium and mortality in adult noncardiac surgery patients.

Vasculogenic Mimicry in Clinically Non-functioning Pituitary Adenomas: a Histologic Study.

The term "vasculogenic mimicry" (VM) refers to the phenomenon in which vascular-like channels, which are not lined by endothelial cells, are formed in tumors. Since its discovery in 1999, it has been observed in several tumor types and is proposed to provide blood perfusion to tumors in absence of co-apted or neo-angiogenic blood vessels. Pituitary tumors are generally slow growing, benign adenomas which are less vascularized than the normal pituitary gland.

"This Method, I Think, Can Shed New Light": Haitian-American Women's Reflections on Risk, Culture, and Family Planning Decisions From a Short-Term Trial of a Cervical Barrier (Femcap™).

Improving the reproductive health of immigrant populations requires understanding the specific context of risk and need. As part of a field trial of the FemCap™, a woman-initiated cervical barrier contraceptive, we conducted postintervention focus group discussions (FGDs) with 20 women (five FGDs) of Haitian background, the majority of whom were born in Haiti and spoke Haitian Créole at home, at a community health center in south Florida. Participants discussed the role of religion and inequitable gender norms in Haitian traditions about family planning decisions and provided important insights into the gender-power nuances of their partnership dynamics vis à vis the use of female barrier methods.

Early oxidative shifts in mouse skeletal muscle morphology with high-fat diet consumption do not lead to functional improvements.

Short-term consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) can result in an oxidative shift in adult skeletal muscle. However, the impact of HFD on young, growing muscle is largely unknown. Thus, 4-week-old mice were randomly divided into sedentary HFD (60% kcal from fat), sedentary standard chow (control), or exercise-trained standard chow.

In vitro evaluation of ice-cold saline irrigation during catheter radiofrequency ablation.

Introduction: Irrigated radiofrequency (RF) catheters allow tissue-electrode interface cooling, decreasing thrombus risk while enabling higher RF power delivery. The impact of irrigation with ice-cold saline (ICS) instead of conventional ambient-temperature saline (ATS) on lesion formation is unknown.

Methods And Results: We performed 120 RF ablations in vitro on porcine left ventricles, using ICS (<5 °C) or ATS (21 °C) irrigation.

Microvascular morphometrics of the hypophysis and pituitary tumors: from bench to operating theatre.

The idea that microvasculature might be a histopathological biomarker in the prognosis and treatment of tumors is garnering even more attention in the scientific community. The roles of neovascularity in tumor progression and metastasis, have become a hot-topic of investigation in cancer research. A number of methods of quantitatively analyzing pituitary adenoma microvasculature have been applied, and fractal analysis is emerging as a potential effective model for this aim.

Use of a novel endoscopic catheter for direct visualization and ablation in an ovine model of chronic myocardial infarction.

Background: Defining the arrhythmogenic substrate is essential for successful ablation of scar-related ventricular tachycardia. The visual characteristics of endocardial ischemic scar have not been described in vivo. The goal of this study was (1) to quantify the visual characteristics of normal tissue, scar border zone, and dense scar in vivo with the use of a novel endoscopic catheter that allows direct endocardial visualization and (2) to correlate visual attributes of myocardial scar with bipolar voltage.

Comparison of epicardial cryoablation and irrigated radiofrequency ablation in a Swine infarct model.

Unlabelled: Epicardial Cryoablation in Swine.

Introduction: Cryoablation is an alternative to radiofrequency (RF) energy used in some ablation procedures. Its role and effectiveness compared to irrigated RF in epicardial tissue and epicardial substrates is not yet fully established.

Mechanism of complex fractionated electrograms recorded during atrial fibrillation in a canine model.

Background: Complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFEs) have been described as a target during atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation; however, the mechanism leading to CFEs is poorly understood. We used noncontact mapping in a canine model of AF to determine the activation patterns in areas of CFEs.

Methods: Sustained AF was induced in 10 canines with 10-12 weeks of atrial tachy-pacing at 440 ppm.

Pulmonary vein isolation using a compliant endoscopic laser balloon ablation system in a swine model.

Introduction: The incidence of pulmonary vein reconnection and recurrent atrial fibrillation after a single catheter ablation procedure is unacceptably high. We studied the ability of a novel endoscopic laser balloon ablation system (EAS) to achieve acute and chronic pulmonary vein (PV) isolation in a swine model.

Methods: Eight swine underwent EAS ablation and two underwent standard radiofrequency ablation for comparison.

A comparison of intracardiac and transesophageal echocardiography to detect left atrial appendage thrombus in a swine model.

Purpose: Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the gold standard in the evaluation for left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and is often performed prior to AF ablation. We routinely use intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) to assist in AF ablation; however, standard right atrial views do not provide adequate visualization of the LAA. As the incidence of thrombus in this population is relatively low, TEE incurs additional risk, cost, and patient discomfort.

Dominant frequency mapping of atrial fibrillation: comparison of contact and noncontact approaches.

Introduction: The ability to acquire a dominant frequency (DF) map during atrial fibrillation (AF) instantaneously using noncontact mapping has significant advantages over the current sequential contact mapping approach; however, the relationship between DFs determined from contact bipolar and noncontact unipolar recordings is unknown. We sought to determine the difference between DFs determined using contact bipolar, contact unipolar, noncontact unipolar, and noncontact pseudobipolar recordings.

Methods: Sustained AF was induced in 5 canines with 10 weeks of atrial tachy-pacing at 440 ppm.

Comparison of high power, medium power, and irrigated-tip ablation strategies for pulmonary vein isolation in a canine model.

Background: We sought to compare the efficacy and collateral damage during pulmonary vein (PV) isolation in a canine model using three different ablation strategies.

Methods: Normal dogs (three each) were randomized to high power (70 W, 20 seconds, 60 degrees C, Hi), medium power (50 W, 60 seconds, 50 degrees C; Med), or irrigated-tip (35 W, 60 seconds, 45 degrees C; Cool) ablation. Two transseptal punctures were performed and right and left superior PV electrical isolation was performed using the assigned ablation strategy.

Characterization of the infarct substrate and ventricular tachycardia circuits with noncontact unipolar mapping in a porcine model of myocardial infarction.

Background: Conventional mapping of ventricular tachycardia (VT) after myocardial infarction is limited in patients with hemodynamically untolerated or noninducible VT.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop a unique strategy using noncontact unipolar mapping to define infarct substrate and VT circuits.

Methods: Dynamic substrate mapping (DSM) was performed in seven pigs with healed anterior myocardial infarction.

Left ventricular catheter ablation using direct, intramural ethanol injection in swine.

Introduction: Limitations in lesion volume and particularly lesion depth may negatively effect the efficacy of catheter ablation procedures using radiofrequency energy. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of myocardial ablation using direct intramural injection of ethanol with a novel injection catheter system.

Methods: Left ventricular lesions were performed in 9 male swine (80-85 pounds); two animals were studied 6 weeks following anterior infarction produced by agarose gel embolization.

Effects of linear, irrigated-tip radiofrequency ablation in porcine healed anterior infarction.

Introduction: Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia (VT) in healed infarction is modestly successful. More extensive, anatomically based procedures and irrigated RF delivery may improve outcome. However, limited data exist regarding the characteristics of irrigated RF lesions in infarcted myocardium.

Changes in local wall thickness correlate with pathologic lesion size following radiofrequency catheter ablation: an intracardiac echocardiographic imaging study.

Introduction: High-resolution intracardiac echocardiographic (ICE) imaging can accurately assess wall thickness during radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation procedures. This study investigated the correlation of changes in wall thickness at the ablation site with pathologic lesion size.

Methods And Results: ICE image-guided 31 RF applications (30-50 W, up to 120 sec) were performed in five anesthetized closed chest swine (n = 5, body weight 35-60 kg).

Electrogram-guided radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial tissue comparison with thermometry-guide ablation: comparison with thermometry-guide ablation.

Objectives: To characterize a new method for radiofrequency energy titration during ablation of atrial tissue based on reduction in electrogram amplitude. To compare this method with energy titration using electrode thermometry.

Background: Complications associated with "anatomy-based" atrial endocardial radiofrequency ablation for suppression of atrial fibrillation may be due to flawed methods of energy titration.

Echocardiographic transponder-guided catheter ablation feasibility and accuracy.

Background: The utility of echocardiography for catheter guidance during percutaneous endocardial ablation is increasingly apparent. However, the technique is currently imperfect due to limitations in discerning the ablation electrode from other parts of the catheter shaft.

Purpose: To examine the feasibility and accuracy of echocardiography-guided ablation using commercial ablation catheters fitted with a transponder to improve localization of the ablation electrode.

Intracardiac echocardiographic evaluation of ventricular mural swelling from radiofrequency ablation in chronic myocardial infarction: irrigated-tip versus standard catheter.

Introduction: The production of larger, particularly deeper lesions may improve the success rate for radiofrequency (RF) ablation of post infarction ventricular tachycardia (VT). Therapeutic RF ablation causes left ventricular (LV) mural swelling. This swelling can be detected as increased wall thickness at the ablation site by intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) and correlates with pathologic lesion size.

Electroanatomic left ventricular mapping in the porcine model of healed anterior myocardial infarction. Correlation with intracardiac echocardiography and pathological analysis.

Background: Catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia in healed infarction is limited to patients with inducible, tolerated arrhythmias. Strategies that would allow mapping during sinus rhythm might obviate this limitation.

Methods And Results: Two sets of experiments were performed in adult pigs to refine a new technique for left ventricular mapping.