Not in employment, education or training (NEET); more than a youth policy issue.

Introduction: Australians who are Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET) and receive income support span a wide spectrum of working ages. Australian research has concentrated on NEETs aged 15-29 years, in line with international standards. This paper investigates extending the NEET concept to include all working age persons 15-64 years and the value added to welfare policy through analysis of a new linked dataset.

Indigenous Preferences for Inpatient Rooms in Australian Hospitals: A Mixed-Methods Study in Cross-Cultural Design.

Aim: This mixed-method study aimed to establish preliminary evidence for spatial and design features that can improve the experience and participation of Indigenous inpatients in healthcare.

Background: Disadvantaged across a range of health measures, a disproportionately high number of Indigenous people leave hospital without receiving appropriate medical care. Australian government policies to improve cultural safety of Indigenous patients have largely ignored physical settings and their potential to improve health outcomes.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander preferences for healthcare settings: effective use of design images in survey research.

Objective The aim of this study was to develop an effective digital survey instrument incorporating images to investigate Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander preferences for health clinics and hospitals, design of healthcare settings and the differences between inner regional and remote locations. Methods Design-related constructs developed from qualitative interviews informed the construction of healthcare setting images. These images were embedded in an online survey instrument to elicit data on design preferences and an area-based recruitment strategy ensured participation by Indigenous Australians from three Queensland locations.

How are pain and traumatic stress symptoms related in acute whiplash-associated disorders? An investigation of the role of pain-related fear in a daily diary study.

Comorbidity of pain and posttraumatic stress disorder is well recognized, but the reason for this association is unclear. This study investigated the direction of the relationship between pain and traumatic stress and the role that pain-related fear plays, for patients with acute whiplash-associated disorder. Participants (n = 99) used an electronic diary to record hourly ratings of pain, traumatic stress, and fear of pain (FOP) symptoms over a day.

Including mobile-only telephone users in a statewide preventive health survey-Differences in the prevalence of health risk factors and impact on trends.

The Queensland preventive health survey is conducted annually to monitor the prevalence of behavioural risk factors in the north-east Australian state. Prompted by domestic and international trends in mobile telephone usage, the 2015 survey incorporated both mobile and landline telephone numbers from a list-based sampling frame. Estimates for landline-accessible and mobile-only respondents are compared to assess potential bias in landline-only surveys in the context of public health surveillance.

Profiling the mobile-only population in Australia: insights from the Australian National Health Survey.

Background: The Australian population that relies on mobile phones exclusively has increased from 5% in 2005 to 29% in 2014. Failing to include this mobile-only population leads to a potential bias in estimates from landline-based telephone surveys. This paper considers the impacts on selected health prevalence estimates with and without the mobile-only population.

The Family Life Course and Health: Partnership, Fertility Histories, and Later-Life Physical Health Trajectories in Australia.

Life course perspectives suggest that later-life health reflects long-term social patterns over an individual's life: in particular, the occurrence and timing of key roles and transitions. Such social patterns have been demonstrated empirically for multiple aspects of fertility and partnership histories, including timing of births and marriage, parity, and the presence and timing of a marital disruption. Most previous studies have, however, addressed particular aspects of fertility or partnership histories singly.

Change in walking for transport: a longitudinal study of the influence of neighbourhood disadvantage and individual-level socioeconomic position in mid-aged adults.

Background: Unlike leisure time physical activity, knowledge of the socioeconomic determinants of active transport is limited, research on this topic has produced mixed and inconsistent findings, and it remains unknown if peoples' engagement in active transport declines as they age. This longitudinal study examined relationships between neighbourhood disadvantage, individual-level socioeconomic position and walking for transport (WfT) during mid- and early old-age (40 - 70 years). Three questions were addressed: (i) which socioeconomic groups walk for transport, (ii) does the amount of walking change over time as people age, and (iii) is the change socioeconomically patterned?

Methods: The data come from the HABITAT study of physical activity, a bi-annual multilevel longitudinal survey of 11,036 residents of 200 neighbourhoods in Brisbane, Australia.

Effect of health insurance on the utilisation of allied health services by people with chronic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Allied health services benefit the management of many chronic diseases. The effects of health insurance on the utilisation of allied health services has not yet been established despite health insurance frequently being identified as a factor promoting utilisation of medical and hospital services among people with chronic disease. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to establish the effects of health insurance on the utilisation of allied health services by people with chronic disease.

Predicting steep escalations in alcohol use over the teenage years: age-related variations in key social influences.

Aims: This study examined how family, peer and school factors are related to different trajectories of adolescent alcohol use at key developmental periods.

Design: Latent class growth analysis was used to identify trajectories based on five waves of data (from grade 6, age 12 to grade 11, age 17), with predictors at grades 5, 7 and 9 included as covariates.

Setting: Adolescents completed surveys during school hours.

Health for all? Patterns and predictors of allied health service use in Australia.

Objective: To examine patterns and predictors of allied health service use among the Australian population.

Methods: Data from the 2007-08 longitudinal National Health Survey conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics in Australia were used to examine differences in use of allied health services among the population. The survey is based on 15779 adult respondents.

Effect of a group intervention to promote older adults' adjustment to driving cessation on community mobility: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: The UQDRIVE program, a group education and support program, was developed to meet the needs associated with driving cessation for older adults. The current study investigated the effect of the program on community mobility.

Design And Methods: A prospective, parallel, stratified randomized controlled trial was undertaken with a waitlist control group receiving current clinical practice (no intervention).

Can the built environment reduce health inequalities? A study of neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and walking for transport.

Residents of socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods are more likely to walk for transport than their counterparts in advantaged neighbourhoods; however, the reasons for higher rates of transport walking in poorer neighbourhoods remain unclear. We investigated this issue using data from the HABITAT study of physical activity among 11,037 mid-aged residents of 200 neighbourhoods in Brisbane, Australia. Using a five-step mediation analysis and multilevel regression, we found that higher levels of walking for transport in disadvantaged neighbourhoods was associated with living in a built environment more conducive to walking (i.

Individual and environmental characteristics associated with cognitive development in Down syndrome: a longitudinal study.

Background: Associations among cognitive development and intrapersonal and environmental characteristics were investigated for 89 longitudinal study participants with Down syndrome to understand developmental patterns associated with cognitive strengths and weaknesses.

Materials And Methods: Subtest scores of the Stanford-Binet IV collected between ages 4-30 years were analysed in multilevel models of age-related change. Predictor variables were systematically entered into the models to identify associations with development for each subtest.

Goal setting and self-efficacy among delinquent, at-risk and not at-risk adolescents.

Setting clear achievable goals that enhance self-efficacy and reputational status directs the energies of adolescents into socially conforming or non-conforming activities. This present study investigates the characteristics and relationships between goal setting and self-efficacy among a matched sample of 88 delinquent (18 % female), 97 at-risk (20 % female), and 95 not at-risk adolescents (20 % female). Four hypotheses related to this were tested.

Sleep, structured and social time use and young Australian children's physical activity.

Issue Addressed: Physical inactivity is a growing health concern for children, with the potential to undermine their health and wellbeing. While a range of factors have been associated with physical inactivity, the contribution of time spent in sleep, structured activities and children's social contexts has received limited attention.

Methods: This cross-sectional study employed data from Wave 1 of the Longitudina Study of Australian Children to examine the association between participation in physical activity and time spent in sleep, structured activity, and social contexts of 4-5 year old children.

Mid-aged adults' sitting time in three contexts.

Background: To develop evidence-based approaches for reducing sedentary behavior, there is a need to identify the specific settings where prolonged sitting occurs, associated factors, and variations.

Purpose: To examine the sociodemographic and health factors associated with mid-aged adults' sitting time in three contexts and variations between weekdays and weekend days.

Methods: A mail survey was sent to 17,000 adults (aged 40-65 years) in 2007; 11,037 responses were received (68.

Time use differences in activity participation among children 4-5 years old with and without the risk of developing conduct problems.

Conduct problems in childhood are associated with the way in which children engage in daily activities. Research, to date, on conduct problems in relation to time use has primarily focused on school aged children and their participation in discrete activities such as watching TV and sport. The purpose of the present study is to determine if children at risk of developing conduct problems have different activity patterns compared to those not at risk.

Test-retest reliability of perceptions of the neighborhood environment for physical activity by socioeconomic status.

Background: Further development of high quality measures of neighborhood perceptions will require extensions and refinements to our existing approaches to reliability assessment. This study examined the test-retest reliability of perceptions of the neighborhood environment by socioeconomic status (SES).

Methods: Test and retest surveys were conducted using a mail survey method with persons aged 40 to 65 years (n = 222, 78.

Cognitive development and Down syndrome: age-related change on the Stanford-Binet test (fourth edition).

Growth models for subtests of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, 4th edition ( R. L. Thorndike, E.

The association between objectively measured neighborhood features and walking in middle-aged adults.

Purpose: Explore the role of the neighborhood environment in supporting walking.

Design: Cross-sectional study of 10,286 residents of 200 neighborhoods. Participants were selected using a stratified two-stage cluster design.

Time use, parenting practice and conduct problems in four- to five-year-old Australian children.

Background: Conduct problems (CoP) represent one of the most common mental health issues manifesting in childhood, with the potential to influence the developmental trajectory of children negatively. Early identification of children at risk of developing CoP is a key strategy to their effective management. Evidence suggests that parenting practices are important contributors to CoP; however, these practices can also interact with the activities in which children engage and these have not yet been addressed in combination.

Neighborhood disadvantage and physical activity: baseline results from the HABITAT multilevel longitudinal study.

Purpose: To examine the association between neighborhood disadvantage and physical activity (PA).

Methods: We use data from the HABITAT multilevel longitudinal study of PA among middle-aged (40-65 years) men and women (N = 11,037, 68.5% response rate) living in 200 neighborhoods in Brisbane, Australia.

HABITAT: A longitudinal multilevel study of physical activity change in mid-aged adults.

Background: Little is known about the patterns and influences of physical activity change in mid-aged adults. This study describes the design, sampling, data collection, and analytical plan of HABITAT, an innovative study of (i) physical activity change over five years (2007-2011) in adults aged 40-65 years at baseline, and (ii) the relative contribution of psychological variables, social support, neighborhood perceptions, area-level factors, and sociodemographic characteristics to physical activity change.

Methods/design: HABITAT is a longitudinal multi-level study.

The impact of adolescent tobacco-related associative memory on smoking trajectory: an application of negative binomial regression to highly skewed longitudinal data.

Tobacco use is prevalent in adolescents and understanding factors that contribute to smoking uptake remains a critical public health priority. While there is now good support for the role of implicit (preconscious) cognitive processing in accounting for changes in drug use, these models have not been applied to tobacco use. Longitudinal analysis of smoking data presents unique problems, because these data are usually highly positively skewed (with excess zeros) and render conventional statistical tools (e.