Diagnosing cystic fibrosis in low- and middle-income countries: challenges and strategies.

Background: Cystic Fibrosis is caused by recessively inherited variants of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator. It is associated with diverse clinical presentations that can affect the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems and inhibit nutrient absorption and growth.

Main Body: The current estimation of people affected by Cystic Fibrosis is likely underestimated as this disease remains undiagnosed in countries with limited diagnostic capacity.

Childhood and adolescence factors and multiple sclerosis: results from the German National Cohort (NAKO).

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) represents the most common inflammatory neurological disease causing disability in early adulthood. Childhood and adolescence factors might be of relevance in the development of MS. We aimed to investigate the association between various factors (e.

The interplay of family history of depression and early trauma: associations with lifetime and current depression in the German national cohort (NAKO).

Introduction: Family history of depression and childhood maltreatment are established risk factors for depression. However, how these factors are interrelated and jointly influence depression risk is not well understood. The present study investigated (i) if childhood maltreatment is associated with a family history of depression (ii) if family history and childhood maltreatment are associated with increased lifetime and current depression, and whether both factors interact beyond their main effects, and (iii) if family history affects lifetime and current depression via childhood maltreatment.

Increasing social disparities in obesity among 15 000 pre-schoolers in a German district from 2009 to 2019.

Background: Although childhood obesity prevalence has stagnated in many high-income regions after decades of increase, it continues to be a major public health problem with adverse effects. The objective was to examine obesity trends as a function of parental social status to identify obesity disparities among children.

Methods: Data from school entry examinations from 2009 to 2019 of 14 952 pre-schoolers in one German district were used.

Epidemiology of respiratory cancers related to nickel mining and refining in New Caledonia (1978-1984).

The incidence rate of respiratory (lung and upper respiratory tract) cancer related to the nickel industry was studied in the male population of New Caledonia over a 7-year period (1978-1984). The findings show no excess incidence of lung or upper respiratory tract (larynx, pharynx, nasal cavities) cancer cases in the population of nickel workers compared with the rest of the male population in New Caledonia. This result was corroborated by a case-control study which does not indicate any particular role of hazards specific to the nickel mining and refining industry.