Type 1 Innate Lymphoid Cell and Natural Killer Cells Are Sources of Interferon-γ and Other Inflammatory Cytokines Associated With Distinct Clinical Presentation in Early Dengue Infection.

Background: Increased levels of inflammatory cytokines are associated with severe dengue evolution, but the source of such hypercytokinemia is elusive. We investigated the contribution of innate lymphocytes, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), and natural killer (NK) cells in cytokine production in early dengue infection.

Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of individuals with dengue without warning signs (DWS-) and dengue with warning signs and severe dengue (SD) presentation combined (DWS+) were obtained between 2 and 7 days since fever onset and submitted to flow cytometry without specific antigen stimulation to evaluate cytokines in ILC and NK cell subpopulations.

Multifunctional T cell response in convalescent patients two years after ZIKV infection.

Zika is an important emerging infectious disease in which the role of T cells remains elusive. This study aimed to evaluate the phenotype of multifunctional T cells in individuals 2 yr after exposure to Zika virus (ZIKV). We used a library of 671 synthetic peptides covering the whole polyprotein of ZIKV in pools corresponding to each viral protein (i.