Interpreting vision and language generative models with semantic visual priors.

When applied to Image-to-text models, explainability methods have two challenges. First, they often provide token-by-token explanations namely, they compute a visual explanation for each token of the generated sequence. This makes explanations expensive to compute and unable to comprehensively explain the model's output.

Unreliability of the %VO2 reserve versus %heart rate reserve relationship for aerobic effort relative intensity assessment in chronic heart failure patients on or off beta-blocking therapy.

Background: Percentage of heart rate reserve (%HRR) has been shown to be equivalent to percentage of VO2 reserve (%VO2R) in normal individuals, but it is not clear whether this is also true for chronic heart failure (CHF) patients.

Design: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of the %VO2R versus %HRR relationship for aerobic effort relative intensity assessment in CHF patients.

Methods: We studied 388 patients with CHF, of whom 213 were on carvedilol (CHF on betab) and 175 were off the drug (CHF off betab), and 40 normal individuals (N).