Is imperative partial nephrectomy feasible for kidney cancer with venous thrombus involvement? Outcomes of 42 cases and matched pair analysis with a large radical nephrectomy cohort.

Background: Radical nephrectomy (RN) with/without (±) thrombus excision (ThE) is the undisputed standard treatment for kidney cancer (KC) with renal or caval thrombus (Th). However, partial nephrectomy (PN) ± ThE may be considered in rare cases due to imperative (I) indications.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of IPN ± ThE and to compare it with RN ± ThE for KC with Th.