Prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos of French children from the Elfe cohort.

Background: The organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos was widely used in the European Union before its ban in 2020 and was associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. However, within the concept of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, in utero exposure to chlorpyrifos can lead to neurodevelopmental effects in developing children.

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate fetal exposure to chlorpyrifos using biomonitoring data measured in Elfe pregnant women and a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) approach and compare exposure to toxicological reference values.

PBPK modeling to support risk assessment of pyrethroid exposure in French pregnant women.

Background: Pyrethroids are widely used pesticides and are suspected to affect children's neurodevelopment. The characterization of pyrethroid exposure during critical windows of development, such as fetal development and prenatal life, is essential to ensure a better understanding of pyrethroids potential effects within the concept of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease.

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate maternal exposure of French pregnant women from biomonitoring data and simulate maternal and fetal internal concentrations of 3 pyrethroids (permethrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin) using a multi-substance pregnancy-PBPK (physiologically based pharmacokinetics) model.

Cancer risk from chronic exposures to chemicals and radiation: a comparison of the toxicological reference value with the radiation detriment.

This article aims at comparing reference methods for the assessment of cancer risk from exposure to genotoxic carcinogen chemical substances and to ionizing radiation. For chemicals, cancer potency is expressed as a toxicological reference value (TRV) based on the most sensitive type of cancer generally observed in animal experiments of oral or inhalation exposure. A dose-response curve is established by modelling experimental data adjusted to apply to human exposure.

Physical fitness is associated with prostaglandin F isomers during pregnancy.

Introduction: Pregnancy and physical activity are associated with oxidative stress and immune changes. We hypothesized that pregnant women physically more active in early pregnancy will display a better oxidative stress management and inflammatory response later in pregnancy compared with less active pregnant women.

Material And Methods: Maternal physical activity using accelerometry monitors for 1 week and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO at anaerobic threshold) were assessed at 14-18 weeks in 58 pregnant women.

Determination of peak cardiorespiratory fitness parameters in children: which averaging method should we use?

The purpose of this study was to identify which averaging methods most accurately measures peak cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) parameters [peak O uptake (VO), peak Opulse and peak respiratory exchange ratio (RER)] in a sample of healthy children and adolescents. In this cross-sectional multicenter study, we recruited 278 healthy children aged 12-17 years. We compared the mean peak value of three CRF parameters using the recommended averaging methods (30-second block average) with alternative averaging methods such as moving averages or shorter smoothing periods.

Accelerometry to measure physical activity in toddlers: Determination of wear time requirements for a reliable estimate of physical activity.

Accelerometry is widely used to evaluate physical activity in toddlers however recommendations regarding wear time are needed to understand physical activity behaviours in this age group. This study aimed to determine the minimum wear time to reliably evaluate physical activity in toddlers. Children from the 3D Birth Cohort (n = 255, 49.

New Reference Values for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Children.

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is an essential tool to assess cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in children. There is a paucity of adequate pediatric reference values that are independent of body size and pubertal stage. The purpose of this study is to provide Z score equations for several maximal and submaximal CRF parameters derived from a prospectively recruited sample of healthy children.

Physical activity during pregnancy and infant's birth weight: results from the 3D Birth Cohort.

Aim: To evaluate the association between maternal physical activity and infant's birth weight or risk of inappropriate weight for gestational age (GA), and whether this association differs by infant's sex, maternal body mass index (BMI) or pregnancy complications in a prospective cohort study.

Methods: 1913 pregnant women from the 3D Birth Cohort (Québec, Canada) completed the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire at each trimester. Energy expenditure (metabolic equivalent of task (MET)*hours/week) for total activity, sports and exercise and vigorous intensity activities was calculated.

Could High Volume of Physical Activities in Early Pregnancy Interfere with Deep Placentation?

 The impact of physical activity (PA) during pregnancy on obstetrical outcomes remains controversial. We followed pregnant women who reported more than 3 hours of sustained PA per week during the first trimester of pregnancy.  Total five eligible women were followed.

Physical Activity Volumes during Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies Assessing the Association with Infant's Birth Weight.

Objective This study aims to examine the association between different maternal physical activity exposures during pregnancy and infant's birth weight, body composition, and risk of inadequate weight. Methods Two reviewers (M.B.

Cerebral blood flow regulation, exercise and pregnancy: why should we care?

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation is an indicator of cerebrovascular health increasingly recognized as being influenced by physical activity. Although regular exercise is recommended during healthy pregnancy, the effects of exercise on CBF regulation during this critical period of important blood flow increase and redistribution remain incompletely understood. Moreover, only a few studies have evaluated the effects of human pregnancy on CBF regulation.

A 12-Week Exercise Program for Pregnant Women with Obesity to Improve Physical Activity Levels: An Open Randomised Preliminary Study.

Objective: To evaluate whether a 12-week supervised exercise program promotes an active lifestyle throughout pregnancy in pregnant women with obesity.

Methods: In this preliminary randomised trial, pregnant women (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) were allocated to either standard care or supervised training, from 15 to 27 weeks of gestation. Physical activity was measured by accelerometry at 14, 28 and 36 weeks, while fitness (oxygen consumption (VO2) at the anaerobic threshold), nutrition (caloric intake and macronutrients percentage) and anthropometry were assessed at 14 and 28 weeks of gestation.

Modulation of blood pressure response to exercise by physical activity and relationship with resting blood pressure during pregnancy.

Objective: To determine whether physical activity and blood pressure (BP) response to exercise in early pregnancy are related to resting BP at the end of pregnancy. Understanding physiological BP responses to exercise during pregnancy will help in improving BP profile and guiding exercise recommendations in pregnant women.

Methods: Maternal physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) and BP (systolic and diastolic) at rest and during exercise (submaximal and relative response) were assessed at 16 weeks of gestation in 61 normotensive pregnant women.

Gestational diabetes mellitus and sleep-disordered breathing.

Objective: To examine the link between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and sleep-disordered breathing using complete polysomnography and questionnaires in a case-control study of pregnant women.

Methods: Pregnant women (body mass index [BMI] less than 35, no prior diabetes or hypertension) were eligible as cases (n=26) if diagnosed with GDM by routine 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Women in the control group without GDM (n=26) were matched for gestational age at polysomnography, BMI, and age.