Equitable infrastructure: Achieving resilient systems and restorative justice through policy and research innovation.

Recent major investments in infrastructure in the United States and globally present a crucial opportunity to embed equity within the heart of resilient infrastructure decision-making. Yet there is a notable absence of frameworks within the engineering and scientific fields for integrating equity into planning, design, and maintenance of infrastructure. Additionally, whole-of-government approaches to infrastructure, including the Justice40 Initiative, mimic elements of process management that support exploitative rather than exploratory innovation.

On the impact of resource relocation in facing health emergencies.

The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 and the corresponding surge in patients with severe symptoms of COVID-19 put a strain on health systems, requiring specialized material and human resources, often exceeding the locally available ones. Motivated by a real emergency response system employed in Northern Italy, we propose a mathematical programming approach for rebalancing the health resources among a network of hospitals in a large geographical area. It is meant for tactical planning in facing foreseen peaks of patients requiring specialized treatment.

Environmental justice analysis of wildfire-related PM exposure using low-cost sensors in California.

The increasing number and severity of wildfires is negatively impacting air quality for millions of California residents each year. Community exposure to PM in two main population centers (San Francisco Bay area and Los Angeles County area) was assessed using the low-cost PurpleAir sensor network for the record-setting 2020 California wildfire season. Estimated PM concentrations in each study area were compared to census tract-level environmental justice vulnerability indicators, including environmental, health, and demographic data.

A Latent Markov Model with Covariates to Study Unobserved Heterogeneity among Fertility Patterns of Couples Employing Natural Family Planning Methods.

Purpose: We use the historical data from the European Study of Daily Fecundability and we develop an algorithm to determine the fertile window in a woman's cycle according to the rules of the C.A.Me.

Adherence to routine use of pharmacological prophylaxis of heterotopic ossification after total hip arthroplasty: results from an Italian multicenter, prospective, observational survey.

Background: In spite of the proven efficacy of pharmacological prophylaxis of heterotopic ossification following total hip arthroplasty, its routine use is still debated, and no data are available regarding the adherence to its administration in clinical practice.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective, observational, multicenter study, 480 consecutive patients operated on for primary total hip arthroplasty during the year 2009 were followed radiographically for 12 months after surgery in order to assess the incidence of periprosthetic heterotopic ossification. Surgeons were free to choose whether to administer pharmacological prophylaxis, and were asked to keep a record of the duration of the prophylaxis (if used) or the reasons for not using it.

Fertilisation involving ageing gametes, major birth defects, and Down's syndrome.

For many years, ageing of gametes as a result of prolonged retention in the female reproductive tract before fertilisation has been circumstantially associated with major birth defects. To assess this association, we studied pregnant women who had recorded the timing, with regard to presumed ovulation, of the coital event leading to conception. We found major anomalies in 11 (2.