Surgical validation of functional magnetic resonance urography in the study of ureteral anomalies distal to the uretero-pelvic junction in a pediatric cohort.

Background: Ureteral anomalies distal to the Uretero-Pelvic Junction (UPJ) belong to the wide spectrum of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). They can cause severe obstruction requiring a detailed anatomical depiction to define the surgical approach. Up to date, ultrasonography, voiding cystourethrography and scintigraphy are considered the gold-standard diagnostic tools to study obstructive anomalies of the urinary tract, however, they do not provide accurate ureteral anatomical details.