Role of Myeloperoxidase in ROS Generation and Inflammation Response on Prostate Epithelial Cells.

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) has been reported in prostate tissue, and considering its pro-oxidant properties, this location might be linked to prostate pathology. The possibility that the glandular prostatic tissue might be the source of MPO and its potential inflammatory effects must be tested. Human prostate material was obtained from prostate biopsies and radical prostatectomies.

Quantification of stromal reaction in breast carcinoma and its correlation with tumor grade and free progression survival.

Cancer progression results from a complex interplay between tumor cells and the extracellular milieu. In breast carcinoma, the stromal microenvironment has been suggested to play a major role in promoting tumor growth, progression, and invasion. The stroma of 154 resected specimens of invasive breast carcinoma of no special type was quantified using a digital image analyzer.

Myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of cyanide to cyanate: A potential carbamylation route involved in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques?

Protein carbamylation by cyanate is a post-translational modification associated with several (patho)physiological conditions, including cardiovascular disorders. However, the biochemical pathways leading to protein carbamylation are incompletely characterized. This work demonstrates that the heme protein myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is secreted at high concentrations at inflammatory sites from stimulated neutrophils and monocytes, is able to catalyze the two-electron oxidation of cyanide to cyanate and promote the carbamylation of taurine, lysine, and low-density lipoproteins.

A prospective clinical study of the implications of IL-8 in the diagnosis, aggressiveness and prognosis of prostate cancer.

Aim: We evaluated the relationship between IL-8 and prostate cancer (PCa) with emphasis on diagnosis, aggressiveness and prognosis.

Materials & Methods: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and serum IL-8 were collected from patients undergoing prostate biopsy. IL-8 expression was evaluated on immunohistochemistry with IL-8 labeling index.

Relationship between oxidative stress and erectile function.

The aim of this study was to investigate markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in the corpus cavernosum (CC) and to compare levels of inflammatory markers recorded in CC to venous blood from the arm to examine the potential impact of inflammatory parameters on erectile function and endothelial dysfunction in vitro. Ninety-seven patients with no complaint of erectile dysfunction (ED) at inclusion were prospectively included and completed the Erectile Function domain of the IIEF questionnaire. Several parameters, including lipids, MPO-dependent oxidised LDL (Mox-LDL), IL-8, IL-18, were measured.

Leukocyte phosphodiesterase expression after lipopolysaccharide and during sepsis and its relationship with HLA-DR expression.

Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) may modulate inflammatory pathways, but PDE expression is poorly documented in humans with sepsis. Using quantitative PCR on whole blood leukocytes, we characterized PDE mRNA expression in healthy volunteers ( = 20), healthy volunteers given lipopolysaccharide (LPS; = 18), and critically ill patients with ( = 20) and without ( = 20) sepsis. PDE4B protein expression was also studied in magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS)-isolated CD15 neutrophils (from 7 healthy volunteers, 5 patients without and 5 with sepsis).

Nuclear localization of glutamate-cysteine ligase is associated with proliferation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Glutathione (GSH) is the keystone of the cellular response toward oxidative stress. Elevated GSH content correlates with increased resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy of head and neck (HN) tumors. The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to evaluate whether the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) accounts for the increased GSH availability observed in HN squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Tumour-associated osteomalacia and hypoglycaemia in a patient with prostate cancer: is Klotho involved?

Tumour-associated osteomalacia is a paraneoplastic syndrome caused by renal phosphate wasting, leading to severe hypophosphataemia. Excess of circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is the likely cause, acting via the FGF23/α-Klotho coreceptor, a critical regulator of phosphate metabolism. The other possible effects of that complex in humans are still under investigation.

Inhibition of myeloperoxidase activity by the alkaloids of Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae).

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Seeds and aerial parts of Peganum harmala L. are widely used in Algeria as anti-inflammatory remedies. Evaluation of Peganum harmala total alkaloids extracts and pure β-carboline compounds as an anti-inflammatory treatment by the inhibition of an enzyme key of inflammatory, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and HPLC quantification of the alkaloids from the different parts of plant.

Hybrid molecules inhibiting myeloperoxidase activity and serotonin reuptake: a possible new approach of major depressive disorders with inflammatory syndrome.

Objectives: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is accompanied with an imbalance in the immune system and cardiovascular impairments, such as atherosclerosis. Several mechanisms have been pointed out to underlie this rather unexpected association, and among them the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO). The aim of our study was to find compounds that inhibit both MPO and serotonin transporter (SERT) for treating MDD associated with cardiovascular diseases.

Characterization and antioxidant properties of six Algerian propolis extracts: ethyl acetate extracts inhibit myeloperoxidase activity.

Because propolis contains many types of antioxidant compounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids, it can be useful in preventing oxidative damages. Ethyl acetate extracts of propolis from several Algerian regions show high activity by scavenging free radicals, preventing lipid peroxidation and inhibiting myeloperoxidase (MPO). By fractioning and assaying ethyl acetate extracts, it was observed that both polyphenols and flavonoids contribute to these activities.

Myeloperoxidase-dependent LDL modifications in bloodstream are mainly predicted by angiotensin II, adiponectin, and myeloperoxidase activity: a cross-sectional study in men.

The present paradigm of atherogenesis proposes that low density lipoproteins (LDLs) are trapped in subendothelial space of the vascular wall where they are oxidized. Previously, we showed that oxidation is not restricted to the subendothelial location. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), an enzyme secreted by neutrophils and macrophages, can modify LDL (Mox-LDL) at the surface of endothelial cells.

Increased basal and alum-induced interleukin-6 levels in geriatric patients are associated with cardiovascular morbidity.

Background/aim Of The Study: Low-grade systemic inflammation was suggested to participate to the decline of physiological functions and increased vulnerability encountered in older patients. Geriatric syndromes encompass various features such as functional dependence, polymorbidity, depression and malnutrition. There is a strong prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and related risk factors and chronic cytomegalovirus infections in the geriatric population.

Frailty in old age is associated with decreased interleukin-12/23 production in response to toll-like receptor ligation.

Aging is associated with progressive alterations of immune functions, leading to higher susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections and reduced vaccine responses. Data concerning cytokine production in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands are highly variable in old people, reflecting the heterogeneity of the geriatric population. The aim of our study was to define the relative contribution of age and clinical status on TLR-induced interleukin (IL)-12p70 and IL-23 production as these cytokines play an important role in the protection against intracellular and extracellular pathogens, respectively.

Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of novel 3-alkylindole derivatives as selective and highly potent myeloperoxidase inhibitors.

Due to its production of potent antimicrobial oxidants including hypochlorous acid, human myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays a critical role in innate immunity and inflammatory diseases. Thus MPO is an attractive target in drug design. (Aminoalkyl)fluoroindole derivatives were detected to be very potent MPO inhibitors; however, they also promote inhibition of the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) at the same concentration range.

A new device to mimic intermittent hypoxia in mice.

Intermittent hypoxia (hypoxia-reoxygenation) is often associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We describe a new device which can be used to submit cohorts of mice to controlled and standardised hypoxia-normoxia cycles at an individual level. Mice were placed in individual compartments to which similar gas flow parameters were provided using an open loop strategy.

Assessment of oxidative stress in tumors and histologically normal mucosa from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a preliminary study.

Over 90% of head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and the overall 5-year survival rate is up to 50%. The redox status of these cancers is an important factor in carcinogenesis and plays a role in radioresistance and therefore locoregional recurrences. However, knowledge of the redox status is rather limited.

Variable stromal periductular expression of CD34 and smooth muscle actin (SMA) in intraductal carcinoma of the breast.

In breast carcinoma, the stromal loss of CD34 expression and acquisition of SMA myofibroblastic features may constitute a prerequisite for tumor invasiveness. However, this hypothesis remains controversial, with some authors describing the loss of CD34 fibrocytes in the absence of SMA myofibroblastic-like cells in the stroma of invasive carcinoma. Others have also described the disappearance of CD34 fibrocytes from in situ carcinoma.

Simultaneous measurement of protein-bound 3-chlorotyrosine and homocitrulline by LC-MS/MS after hydrolysis assisted by microwave: application to the study of myeloperoxidase activity during hemodialysis.

A high degree of uremia is common in patients with end-stage renal disease and has been linked to the development of chronic inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. In conditions where transplantation is not possible, uremia can be reduced by hemodialysis although the repeated interventions have been implicated in loss of renal function, partially as a result of chronic inflammation and/or oxidative stress processes. In this context, it has been suggested that myeloperoxidase (MPO) can contribute to the oxidative stress during hemodialysis and to the cardiovascular risk.

Importance of the residual volume of the cytological solution for the reproducibility of the hybrid capture 2 high-risk human papillomavirus DNA test.

Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are widespread in all human populations, and a large number of studies have demonstrated a relationship between high-risk (HR)-HPV infections and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or invasive cervical cancer. To the best of our knowledge, no independent study clearly demonstrates the importance of the quantity of residual liquid after cytology in terms of sensitivity for HR-HPV detection.

Study Design: We conducted a study to assess the relationship between the liquid-based cytology volume and the sensitivity of the hybrid capture 2 test for the detection of HR-HPV in 23 cytological high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions with a cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse protocol on biopsy.