Ozonation using hollow fiber contactor technology and its perspectives for micropollutants removal in water: A review.

Membrane contactor is a device generally used for the removal or the absorption of a gas into another fluid. The membrane acts as a barrier between the two phases and mass transfer occurs by diffusion and not by dispersion. This article is a review of the application of membrane contactor technology for ozonation applied to water treatment.

Methane yield as a monitoring parameter for the start-up of anaerobic fixed film reactors.

This paper describes the variation of the methane yield during the start-up period of an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor. After a lag phase, with acclimatized sludge, the methane yield increased with time during biofilm development up to the theoretical steady yield value, reported to be around 0.351 CH4/g CODdeg.